Co-reporter:Li Song, Xiaoyang Guo, Yongsheng Hu, Ying Lv, Jie Lin, Zheqin Liu, Yi Fan, and Xingyuan Liu
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters September 7, 2017 Volume 8(Issue 17) pp:4148-4148
Publication Date(Web):August 17, 2017
DOI:10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01733
Efficient inorganic perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) with an ultrathin perovskite emission layer (∼30 nm) were realized by doping Lewis base polyethylene glycol (PEG) into CsPbBr3 films. PEG in the perovskite films not only physically fills the crystal boundaries but also interacts with the perovskite crystals to passivate the crystal grains, reduce nonradiative recombination, and ensure efficient luminance and high efficiency. As a result, promoted brightness, current efficiency (CE), and external quantum efficiency (EQE) were achieved. The nonradiative decay rate of the PEG:CsPbBr3 composite film is 1 order of magnitude less than that of the neat CsPbBr3 film. After further optimization of the molar ratio between CsBr and PbBr2, a peak CE of 19 cd/A, a maximum EQE of 5.34%, and a maximum brightness of 36600 cd/m2 were achieved, demonstrating the interaction between PEG and the precursors. The results are expected to offer some helpful implications in optimizing the polymer-assisted PeLEDs with ultrathin emission layers, which might have potential application in see-through displays.
Co-reporter:Li Song, Yongsheng HuZheqin Liu, Ying Lv, Xiaoyang GuoXingyuan Liu
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2017 Volume 9(Issue 3) pp:
Publication Date(Web):December 28, 2016
DOI:10.1021/acsami.6b13405
The utilization of triplet excitons plays a key role in obtaining high emission efficiency for organic electroluminescent devices. However, to date, only phosphorescent materials have been implemented to harvest the triplet excitons in the organic light-emitting field effect transistors (OLEFETs). In this work, we report the first incorporation of exciplex thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters in heterostructured OLEFETs to harvest the triplet excitons. By developing a new kind of exciplex TADF emitter constituted by m-MTDATA (4,4′,4″-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine) as the donor and OXD-7 (1,3-bis[2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazo-5-yl]benzene) as the acceptor, an exciton utilization efficiency of 74.3% for the devices was achieved. It is found that the injection barrier between hole transport layer and emission layer as well as the ratio between donor and acceptor would influence the external quantum efficiency (EQE) significantly. Devices with a maximum EQE of 3.76% which is far exceeding the reported results for devices with conventional fluorescent emitters were successfully demonstrated. Moreover, the EQE at high brightness even outperformed the result for organic light-emitting diode based on the same emitter. Our results demonstrate that the exciplex TADF emitters can be promising candidates to develop OLEFETs with high performance.Keywords: exciplex; field-effect transistors; light-emitting; reverse intersystem crossing; thermally activated delayed florescence; triplet excitons;
Co-reporter:Zhaobing Tang;Jie Lin;Lishuang Wang;Ying Lv;Yongsheng Hu;Yi Fan;Xiaoyang Guo;Jialong Zhao;Yunjun Wang
Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2017 vol. 5(Issue 35) pp:9138-9145
Publication Date(Web):2017/09/14
DOI:10.1039/C7TC02897K
We report all solution-processed manufacture of high performance top-emitting (TE) quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) with an aluminum (Al) film as bottom electrode and a homogeneous molybdenum oxide (MoO3) film as hole injection layer deposited on top of Al from water solution. With an optimal organic light outcoupling layer over the top electrode to depress the multiple light beam interference effect, the QLEDs show a maximum luminance and current efficiency of 151 000 cd m−2 and 33.7 cd A−1, respectively, attaining a nearly Lambertian light source. Especially, they exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency of 7.4%. All solution-processed fabrication of these TE QLEDs is further implemented on some active light display samples of Arabic numerals with 15 × 15 mm2 active area. The resulting simple passive matrix quantum dot light emitting displays possess excellent photoelectric characteristics, which represents a step toward practical application.
Co-reporter:Lishuang Wang;Ying Lv;Jie Lin;Yi Fan;Jialong Zhao;Yunjun Wang
Nanoscale (2009-Present) 2017 vol. 9(Issue 20) pp:6748-6754
Publication Date(Web):2017/05/25
DOI:10.1039/C7NR01414G
Hybrid MoO3/HAT-CN is employed as a hole injection layer (HIL) in green inverted colloidal quantum dot light-emitting devices (QLEDs). The hybrid HILs can be easily prepared and have been found to effectively improve the electroluminescent properties. The best performance device had an HIL of 1.5 nm-thick MoO3/2.5 nm-thick HAT-CN and showed a turn-on voltage of 1.9 V, a maximum current efficiency (CEmax) of 41.3 cd A−1, and maximum external quantum efficiency of 9.72%. Compared to the corresponding devices with the single MoO3 or HAT-CN interlayer, the CEmax of the hole-only devices was improved by 1.6 or 1.5 times, respectively. The measured electrical performance shows that hole-only devices with hybrid HILs have a smaller leakage current density at low driving voltage and much enhanced hole injection current than the devices with single interlayers. It indicates that much improved electroluminescent efficiency in green inverted QLEDs with hybrid MoO3/HAT-CN orginates from the significant enhancement of hole injection efficiency and suppression of space charge accumulation in the quantum dot-emitting region due to the improved balance of the charge carriers. The hybrid HILs can be extended to other color inverted QLEDs, which are favorable to achieve bright, highly efficient, and color saturation devices for display applications.
Co-reporter:Wenjie Dong;Ying Lv;Nan Zhang;Lili Xiao;Yi Fan
Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2017 vol. 5(Issue 33) pp:8408-8414
Publication Date(Web):2017/08/24
DOI:10.1039/C7TC03120C
Transparent, conductive, and ITO-free NiO/Ag/NiO (NAN) electrodes, which combined excellent electrochromism and supercapacitance, were successfully fabricated by an easy one-step electron-beam deposition method at room temperature. This NAN film shows a satisfactory average transmittance over 70% in the visible region and extraordinarily low square resistance of only 8.0 Ω □−1. Large optical modulation (24.3% at 550 nm), fast response time (τc = 4.3 s, τb = 4.0 s) and extremely high coloration efficiency (76.6 cm2 C−1) are achieved at an EC layer thickness of just 35 nm. Moreover, high specific capacitance (364.0 F g−1 at 2 A g−1), good rate capability, and great long-term cycling stability demonstrated an excellent electrochemical energy storage performance of the NAN film, which can even compete with nanostructured NiO films. Electrochemical kinetics analysis indicates that the essential reasons of such superior comprehensive performances lie in high conductivity, fast charge-transfer, and ion-diffusion dynamics, as well as good contact between Ag and NiO layers.
Co-reporter:Yongqiang Zhang, Xingyuan Liu, Yi Fan, Xiaoyang Guo, Lei Zhou, Ying Lv and Jie Lin
Nanoscale 2016 vol. 8(Issue 33) pp:15281-15287
Publication Date(Web):28 Jul 2016
DOI:10.1039/C6NR03125K
A one-step microwave synthesis of N-doped hydroxyl-functionalized carbon dots (CDs) with ultra-high fluorescence quantum yields (QYs) of 99% is reported. These ultra-high QY CDs were synthesized using citric acid and amino compound-containing hydroxyls like ethanolamine and tris(hydroxylmethyl)aminomethane. Amino and carboxyl moieties can form amides through dehydration condensation reactions, and these amides act as bridges between carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, and modify hydroxyl groups on the surface of the CDs. The entire reaction can be carried out within 5 min. When the molar ratio of reactants is 1:1, the hydroxyl and graphitic nitrogen content is the highest, and the synergy leads to a high ratio between the radiative transition rate and nonradiative transition rate as well as a high QY. The developed pathway to N-doped hydroxyl-functionalized CDs can provide unambiguous and remarkable insights into the design of highly luminescent functionalized carbon dots, and expedite the applications of CDs.
Co-reporter:Yongqiang Zhang, Yongsheng Hu, Jie Lin, Yi Fan, Yantao Li, Ying Lv, and Xingyuan Liu
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2016 Volume 8(Issue 38) pp:25454
Publication Date(Web):September 12, 2016
DOI:10.1021/acsami.6b08315
Carbon nanodots (CDs) are known to be a superior type of lasing material due to their low cost, low toxicity, high photostability, and photobleaching resistance. Significant attention has been paid to synthesizing CDs with high fluorescence quantum yields (FLQYs) to achieve higher optical gains. In this report, we reveal that excitation wavelength-independent (λex-independent) photoluminescence (PL) characteristics, rather than high FLQYs, should be given priority to realize CD-based light amplification. CDs with excitation wavelength-dependent (λex-dependent) PL characteristics and FLQYs as high as 99% and 96% were found not to exhibit amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), while those with λex-independent PL characteristics and FLQYs of only 38% and 82% realized ASE with low thresholds. The difficulty of achieving ASE using CDs with λex-dependent PL characteristics is likely attributable to their high contents of C–O–H or C–O–C groups. These groups can induce numerous localized electronic states within the n−π* gap, which could decentralize the excited electrons, thus increasing the difficulty of population inversion. In addition, the radiative transition rates and stimulated emission cross sections of CDs with λex-independent PL characteristics were found to be significantly higher than those of CDs with λex-dependent PL characteristics. ASE in a planar waveguide structure, which is a practical structure for solid-state lasing devices, was also demonstrated for the first time using CDs with λex-independent PL characteristics. These results provide simple and effective guidelines for synthesizing and selecting CDs for low-threshold lasing devices.Keywords: amplified spontaneous emission (ASE); carbon nanodots (CDs); excitation-independent; lasing; planar waveguide
Co-reporter:Lili Xiao, Ying Lv, Wenjie Dong, Nan Zhang, and Xingyuan Liu
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2016 Volume 8(Issue 40) pp:27107
Publication Date(Web):September 21, 2016
DOI:10.1021/acsami.6b08895
The three-dimensional, high-porous, and oriented WO3 nanocolumn film with broadband antireflective and high-performance flexible electrochromic dual-functionalities is achieved by utilizing a simple, one-step, room-temperature glancing angle deposition without any catalysts and templates. It is found that the WO3 nanocolumn film is effective in increasing the optical transparency in the visible range, enhancing the color-switching response time as well as improving the mechanical flexibility and electrochemical cycling stability in comparison to dense WO3 film. The further optical, morphological, and electrode reaction kinetics analyses reveal that these improvements can be attributed to its unique porous nanocolumn arrays, which reduce the refractive index, facilitate the interfacial charge-transfer and ion-penetration, and alleviate the internal stress of the film under the bending treatment. These results would provide a simple and effective guidance to design and construct low-cost, robust, flexible, stable, and transparent electrochromic smart windows.Keywords: antireflection; electrochromic; flexible; glancing angle deposition; nanostructure; WO3
Co-reporter:Yi Fan, Xiaoyang Guo, Yongqiang Zhang, Ying Lv, Jialong Zhao, and Xingyuan Liu
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2016 Volume 8(Issue 46) pp:31863
Publication Date(Web):November 3, 2016
DOI:10.1021/acsami.6b10654
Red-emissive solid-state carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) with a hollow sphere structure for white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) were designed and synthesized by molecular self-assembly and microwave pyrolysis. Highly ordered graphite-like structures for CNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. The emission mechanism of the red-emissive solid-state CNPs was investigated in detail by steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The as-prepared CNPs showed a red emission band centered at 620 nm with excitation wavelength independence, indicating uniform size of sp2 carbon domains in the CNPs. The CNPs also had a PL quantum yield (QY) of 17% under 380 nm excitation. Significantly, the PL QY of the organosilane-functionalized CNPs was 47%, which is the highest value recorded for red-emissive solid-state carbon-based materials under UV-light excitation. More importantly, the red-emissive CNPs exhibited a PL QY of 25% after storage in air for 12 months, indicating their excellent stability. The red-emissive CNP powders were used as environmentally friendly and low-cost phosphors on a commercial 460 nm blue GaN-based chip, and a pure white light with CIE coordinates of (0.35, 0.36) was achieved. The experimental results indicated that the red-emissive CNP phosphors have potential applications in WLEDs.Keywords: carbon nanoparticles, white light-emitting diodes, red emission; self-assembly, excitation wavelength-independent photoluminescence
Co-reporter:Li Song, Yongsheng Hu, Nan Zhang, Yantao Li, Jie Lin, and Xingyuan Liu
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2016 Volume 8(Issue 22) pp:14063-14070
Publication Date(Web):May 24, 2016
DOI:10.1021/acsami.6b02618
Organic heterojunctions (OHJs) consisting of a strong electron acceptor 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) and an electron donor N,N′-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB) were demonstrated for the first time that they can be implemented as effective modification layers between hole transport layer (HTL) and emission layer in the heterostructured organic light-emitting field effect transistors (OLEFETs). The influence of both HAT-CN/NPB junction (npJ) and NPB/HAT-CN junction (pnJ) on the optoelectronic performance of OLEFETs were conscientiously investigated. It is found that both the transport ability of holes and the injection ability of holes into emissive layer can be dramatically improved via the charge transfer of the OHJs and that between HAT-CN and the HTL. Consequently, OLEFETs with pnJ present optimal performance of an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 3.3% at brightness of 2630 cdm–2 and the ones with npJs show an EQE of 4.7% at brightness of 4620 cdm–2. By further utilizing npn OHJs of HAT-CN/NPB/HAT-CN, superior optoelectronic performance with an EQE of 4.7% at brightness of 8350 cdm–2 and on/off ratio of 1 × 105 is obtained. The results demonstrate the great practicality of implementing OHJs as effective modification layers in heterostructured OLEFETs.
Co-reporter:Yan Liu, Ying Lv, Zhaobing Tang, Longgui He, Xingyuan Liu
Electrochimica Acta 2016 Volume 189() pp:184-189
Publication Date(Web):20 January 2016
DOI:10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.115
Stacked MoO3/Ag/MoO3 (MAM) films, which can serve as both transparent electrodes and electrochromic materials, were utilized for constructing high-performance flexible indium tin oxide (ITO)-free electrochromic devices. Compared with the more common modif of MoO3 on ITO, a faster response time, greater optical contrast, higher coloration efficiency, and better electrochemical and mechanical durability were achieved with the use of MAM films.
Co-reporter:Junqing Liang, Yongqiang Zhang, Xiaoyang Guo, Zhihong Gan, Jie Lin, Yi Fan and Xingyuan Liu
RSC Advances 2016 vol. 6(Issue 75) pp:71070-71075
Publication Date(Web):20 Jul 2016
DOI:10.1039/C6RA14393H
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have attracted much attention in the past two years due to their high photo-luminescence quantum efficiencies and wavelength tuneable characteristics. In this work, the effect of annealing temperature and time on the perovskite (CH3NH3PbBr3) films and devices have been investigated in detail. The properties including photoluminescence, crystallinity and morphology of perovskite films together with device performance have been affected significantly by the annealing temperature and time. The PeLED with 80 °C annealing for 20 min shows the best device performance and exhibits a maximum luminance of 13700 cd m−2, and a maximum current efficiency of 8.22 cd A−1. This work will provide useful information for the future optimization and development in high quality perovskite films and high performance PeLEDs.
Co-reporter:Fengyuan Lin, Xiaoyang Guo, Yongsheng Hu, Yantao Li and Xingyuan Liu
RSC Advances 2016 vol. 6(Issue 53) pp:47454-47458
Publication Date(Web):09 May 2016
DOI:10.1039/C6RA09272A
In this work, for the first time, thermal evaporated rubidium fluoride (RbF) and water-soluble RbF have been employed as the cathode interfacial layers (CILs) in inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs), respectively. The device with thermal evaporated RbF CIL exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.41% when the thickness of RbF was 14 Å. A higher PCE of 6.82% was obtained in the aqueous RbF-based device, which is higher than that of a typical ZnO-CIL-based device (6.73%). More importantly, aqueous RbF opens a route to less poisonous, convenient, and low-cost processing CIL in inverted PSCs.
Co-reporter:Xue Liu, Xiaoyang Guo, Zhihong Gan, Nan Zhang, and Xingyuan Liu
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2016 Volume 120(Issue 47) pp:26703-26709
Publication Date(Web):November 10, 2016
DOI:10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b10288
A multilayer transparent electrode WO3/Ag/WO3 (WAW) has been introduced into perovskite solar cells (PSCs). It is found that the substrate has an obvious effect on the perovskite morphology and crystallization and thus power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs. The precursor composition and its effect on the morphology, crystal, and device properties of the perovskite films based on WAW and ITO electrodes have been investigated in detail. When the CH3NH3I (MAI):PbI2 molar ratio is 1.04:1, the perovskite film shows flat and dense morphology formed by the complete reaction of MAI and PbI2, and PSC device shows the maximum PCE value of 9.73%, comparable with the controlled device with the MAI:PbI2 molar ratio of 1:1 based on ITO electrode (10.51%). Meanwhile, a flexible PSC based on WAW transparent electrode has also been fabricated, which exhibits a PCE of 8.04%, indicating that WAW multilayer transparent electrodes have the potential application in PSCs, especially in flexible PSCs.
Co-reporter:Wenjie Dong, Ying Lv, Lili Xiao, Yi Fan, Nan Zhang, and Xingyuan Liu
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2016 Volume 8(Issue 49) pp:
Publication Date(Web):November 24, 2016
DOI:10.1021/acsami.6b12346
Dielectric–metal–dielectric (DMD) trilayer films, served as both electrochromic (EC) film and transparent conductor (TC), have exhibited great potential application in low–cost, ITO–free electrochromic devices (ECDs). However, recent reports on the DMD–based ECDs revealed that the response time and the optical modulation properties were not very satisfactory. Here, the mixed MoO3–WO3 materials were first introduced as the dielectric layer to construct an EC–TC bifunctional MoO3–WO3/Ag/MoO3–WO3 (MWAMW) film, which demonstrates strong and broad–band optical modulation in the visible light region, fast color-switching time (2.7 s for coloration and 4.1 s for bleaching), along with high coloration efficiency (70 cm2 C–1). The electrical structure and electrochemical reaction kinetics analysis revealed that the improved EC performances are associated with the increased electron intervalence transition together with the fast charge–transfer and ion–diffusion dynamics.Keywords: dielectric-metal-dielectric; doping; electrochromic; mixed oxide; transparent conductor;
Co-reporter:Fengyuan Lin;Yantao Li;Yongsheng Hu;Xiaoyang Guo
Advanced Functional Materials 2015 Volume 25( Issue 44) pp:6906-6912
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/adfm.201502871
A variety of metal fluorides, including lithium fluoride (LiF), magnesium fluoride (MgF2), barium fluoride (BaF2), strontium fluoride (SrF2), aluminum fluoride (AlF3), zirconium fluoride (ZrF4), and cerium fluoride (CeF3), are used as the cathode interfacial layer (CIL) in polymer photovoltaic cells to assess their effect on device performance. CeF3, BaF2, and SrF2 CILs exhibit better performance than a typical LiF CIL. The SrF2-based device shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.17%, which is approximately 9% higher than that of the LiF-based device; this, to our knowledge, is the first report on the SrF2-based organic photovoltaic cell device. The open-circuit voltage (V OC) and fill factor (FF) of the fluoride-based devices are correlated to the work functions (WFs) of the corresponding metals, which in turn influence the PCE. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of fluoride-based cathodes reveal the occurrence of a displacement reaction and an interfacial dipole at the fluoride/aluminum interface, which lead to a reduced effective WF of the cathode and improved charge collection. Consequently, an improved PCE is achieved together with an increased V OC and FF.
Co-reporter:Xujun Zheng, Qiming Peng, Jie Lin, Yi Wang, Jie Zhou, Yan Jiao, Yuefeng Bai, Yan Huang, Feng Li, Xingyuan Liu, Xuemei Pu and Zhiyun Lu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015 vol. 3(Issue 27) pp:6970-6978
Publication Date(Web):21 May 2015
DOI:10.1039/C5TC00779H
A red naphthalimide derivative with an intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) feature, namely (E)-2-(4-(t-butyl)phenyl)-6-(2-(6-(diphenylamino)naphthalen-2-yl)vinyl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione (NA-TNA), was designed and synthesized. Photophysical and magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) characterization results revealed that NA-TNA could harvest triplet excitons via a triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) process in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to the presence of a lower-lying triplet excited state with 3ππ* character. Consequently, using NA-TNA as a guest compound and CzPhONI, another ICT-featured naphthalimide derivative with triplet fusion delayed fluorescence (TFDF) character as host material, a high-performance orange OLED with 6 wt% NA-TNA doped CzPhONI film as the emitting layer was acquired. The maximum current efficiency (LEmax), brightness (Lmax), and external quantum yield (EQEmax) of this OLED is 7.73 cd A−1, 31940 cd m−2 and 5.83%, respectively, while the theoretical EQEmax of this device should not exceed 3.34%. On the contrary, the reference device with a NA-TNA doping level of 1.4 wt% showed much inferior performance, with a LEmax, a Lmax, and an EQEmax of 3.19 cd A−1, 24900 cd m−2 and 2.49%, respectively. The high performance of the 6 wt% NA-TNA doped device was attributed to the efficient harvesting of triplet excitons by both the guest and host materials.
Co-reporter:Shuai Luo, Jie Lin, Jie Zhou, Yi Wang, Xingyuan Liu, Yan Huang, Zhiyun Lu and Changwei Hu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015 vol. 3(Issue 20) pp:5259-5267
Publication Date(Web):14 Apr 2015
DOI:10.1039/C5TC00409H
Three red-emissive D–π–A-structured fluorophores with an aromatic amine as the donor, ethene-1,2-diyl as the π-bridge, and 1,8-naphthalimide as the acceptor subunit, namely, (E)-6-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-2-hexyl-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione (Nap1), (E)-2-(2,6-di(isopropyl)phenyl)-6-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione (Nap2) and (E)-2-(2,6-di(isopropyl)phenyl)-6-(2-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)vinyl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione (Nap3), were designed and synthesized. In-depth investigations on the correlations between their molecular structures and photophysical characteristics revealed that the presence of an electron-rich 4-dimethylaminophenyl donor moiety in compound Nap1 could endow it with a red emission (e.g., λPLmax = 641 nm in the host–guest blend film with a 14 wt% guest composition); moreover, the replacement of the n-hexyl group of Nap1 bonding to the imide nitrogen atom for a more bulky 2,6-di(isopropyl)phenyl one would result in compound Nap2 with more alleviated concentration quenching. Alteration of the 4-(dimethylamino)phenyl donor subunit of Nap2 into a more electron-donating 1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidin-9-yl substituent would render compound Nap3 with more improved chromaticity (e.g., λPLmax = 663 nm in a 14 wt% guest-doped film). Consequently, Nap3 could not only emit standard-red fluorescence with satisfactory chromaticity, but it also showed suppressed intermolecular interactions. Using Nap3 as the dopant, a heavily doped standard-red organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with the device configuration of ITO/MoO3 (1 nm)/TcTa (40 nm)/CzPhONI:Nap3 (14 wt%) (20 nm)/TPBI (45 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (80 nm) was fabricated, and the Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage coordinates, maximum external quantum efficiency and maximum current efficiency of this OLED were (0.67,0.32), 1.8% and 0.7 cd A−1, respectively. All these preliminary results indicated that 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives could act as quite promising standard-red light-emitting materials for OLED applications.
Co-reporter:Zhichao Xue, Xingyuan Liu, Ying Lv, Nan Zhang, and Xiaoyang Guo
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2015 Volume 7(Issue 36) pp:19960
Publication Date(Web):September 1, 2015
DOI:10.1021/acsami.5b04509
A low-work-function, indium tin oxide (ITO)-free transparent cathode having a tin oxide (SnOX)/Ag/SnOX/bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) (SASB) structure is developed without using annealing treatment. This represents the first time that Bi2O3 has been introduced to lower the work function of transparent electrodes. The SASB transparent cathode exhibits excellent photoelectric properties with a maximum transmittance of ∼88%, a low sheet resistance of ∼9.0 Ω·sq–1, and a suitable work function of 4.22 eV that matches the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of the acceptor for exacting electrons efficiently. The power conversion efficiency of the polymer solar cell with the SASB electrode is 6.21%, which is comparable to that of ITO-based devices. The results indicate that SASB is a good alternative to ITO as transparent cathodes in optoelectronic devices.Keywords: bismuth oxide; ITO-free; polymer solar cell; transparent cathode; work function
Co-reporter:Hailing Li, Ying Lv, Xin Zhang, Xiaoyi Wang, Xingyuan Liu
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2015 Volume 136() pp:86-91
Publication Date(Web):May 2015
DOI:10.1016/j.solmat.2015.01.002
•WO3/Ag/WO3 (WAW) film serves as both electrode and electrochromic material.•The electrochromic performance of WAW film is better than ITO/WO3 film.•The flexible electrochromic device based on WAWs is realized.•A quality factor Γ(λ) is proposed to evaluate electrochemical performance.Stacked WO3/Ag/WO3 (WAW) films were employed as both transparent electrodes and electrochromic materials. These nontoxic, low-cost WAW films that were prepared at room temperature exhibited not only low sheet resistance (12.2 Ω/□) and high transmittance (>80%) but also compelling electrochromic performance with high optical contrast (53%) at 650 nm, long-term cycling stability (3000 cycles), and short switching time (coloration time=11 s; bleaching time=10.5 s). The coloration efficiency of the WAW films was 136 cm2 C–1, which is higher than those of most electrochromic transition metal oxides. In addition, by utilizing such bi-functional films, the flexible electrochromic film with acceptable performance was obtained.
Co-reporter:Yongsheng Hu, Li Song, Dongwei Li, Jie Lin, Xingyuan Liu
Organic Electronics 2015 Volume 26() pp:92-98
Publication Date(Web):November 2015
DOI:10.1016/j.orgel.2015.07.015
•In-plain emission from multilayer heterostructure OLETs.•A microcavity OLET is simply realized.•MoOx is used to modify the interface between organic layer/organic layer.We report the observation of in-plane emission beneath the drain electrode in multilayer heterostructure organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs). A novel modification method for the interface between the hole transport layer and the emission layer has been proposed, which brought a great enhancement for the light power and external quantum efficiency. Further, distributed Bragg reflector was incorporated to the in-plane-emitted OLETs, which combined with the top thin layer of Au, forming a vertical microcavity. The electroluminescence spectra were significantly altered by the microcavity and much narrower linewidth was obtained. The results will help to develop high color purity and white OLETs with high performance, which would be useful for multifunctional displays.
Co-reporter:Xiaoyang Guo, Xingyuan Liu, Jinsong Luo, Zhihong Gan, Zhong Meng and Nan Zhang
RSC Advances 2015 vol. 5(Issue 32) pp:24953-24959
Publication Date(Web):27 Feb 2015
DOI:10.1039/C5RA00403A
A high and ultra-low temperature resistant flexible polymer solar cell was produced using a silver nanowire and polyimide composite transparent electrode. The composite transparent electrode exhibited excellent opto-electrical properties and flexibility across a wide temperature range of −150 to 250 °C. It also demonstrated strong adhesion, good abrasion performance, and excellent thermal and chemical stability. The power conversion efficiency of the flexible polymer solar cell based on this film was comparable to the device based on a flexible indium tin oxide electrode, and is quite stable under a wide range of applied temperatures.
Co-reporter:Li Song
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2015 Volume 119(Issue 35) pp:20237-20243
Publication Date(Web):August 12, 2015
DOI:10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b04708
Improved performance of multilayer heterostructure organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) was observed in brightness and external quantum efficiency (EQE) by inserting an ultrathin MoOx layer and TPBI buffer layer. With in-plane emission mainly beneath the drain electrode with a maximum width of 120 μm, an EQE of 0.16% at a brightness of 238 cd/m2 was obtained. Different sizes of pixeled OLETs were fabricated by restricting the pixel length by narrowing the width of the gate electrode perpendicular to the source/drain electrodes. Light emission pixels with sizes from 25 to 400 μm have been successfully demonstrated. The maximum width of the emission zone was not affected, and the maximum EQE and the corresponding brightness presented an increasing tendency for pixeled OLETs. The results in our work are helpful for developing a new generation of OLET-based display technology.
Co-reporter:Songnan Qu;Xiaoyang Guo;Minghui Chu;Ligong Zhang ;Dezhen Shen
Advanced Functional Materials 2014 Volume 24( Issue 18) pp:2689-2695
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/adfm.201303352
In this work, the optical properties of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) can be modulated by the dopant-N atom and sp2 C-contents. CNPs prepared with the low urea mass ratio of 0.2:1 (CNP1) exhibit blue emission (maximum PL quantum yield: 15%). Increasing sp2 C- and dopant-N atom contents, as determined in CNPs prepared with high urea mass ratio of 2:1 (CNP2), lead to green emission (maximum PL quantum yield up to 36% in ethanol aqueous solution). Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) can be observed only in CNP2 ethanol aqueous solution. Green lasing emission is achieved from CNP2 ethanol aqueous solution in a linear long Fabry-Perot cavity, indicating the potential of CNP2 as a gain medium for lasing. CNP2 shows superior photostability compared with C545T dye. The green emission from CNP2 is speculated to arise from electron-hole recombination (intrinsic state emission). The high PL quantum yield and small overlap between absorption and emissions of CNP2 ethanol aqueous solution are the key factors in realizing lasing emission.
Co-reporter:Zhichao Xue, Xingyuan Liu, Nan Zhang, Hong Chen, Xuanming Zheng, Haiyu Wang, and Xiaoyang Guo
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2014 Volume 6(Issue 18) pp:16403
Publication Date(Web):August 22, 2014
DOI:10.1021/am504806k
Transparent electrodes with a dielectric–metal–dielectric (DMD) structure can be implemented in a simple manufacturing process and have good optical and electrical properties. In this study, nickel oxide (NiO) is introduced into the DMD structure as a more appropriate dielectric material that has a high conduction band for electron blocking and a low valence band for efficient hole transport. The indium-free NiO/Ag/NiO (NAN) transparent electrode exhibits an adjustable high transmittance of ∼82% combined with a low sheet resistance of ∼7.6 Ω·s·q–1 and a work function of 5.3 eV after UVO treatment. The NAN electrode shows excellent surface morphology and good thermal, humidity, and environmental stabilities. Only a small change in sheet resistance can be found after NAN electrode is preserved in air for 1 year. The power conversion efficiencies of organic photovoltaic cells with NAN electrodes deposited on glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates are 6.07 and 5.55%, respectively, which are competitive with those of indium tin oxide (ITO)-based devices. Good photoelectric properties, the low-cost material, and the room-temperature deposition process imply that NAN electrode is a striking candidate for low-cost and flexible transparent electrode for efficient flexible optoelectronic devices.Keywords: flexible electronics; NiO; organic photovoltaic cells; transparent electrode
Co-reporter:Bo Yao, Yanli Li, Zhanwei Wen, Maoqing Zhou, Wenli Lv, Xiao Luo, Yingquan Peng, Wenhao Li, Gu Gong, Xingyuan Liu
Synthetic Metals 2014 Volume 193() pp:35-40
Publication Date(Web):July 2014
DOI:10.1016/j.synthmet.2014.03.032
•The C60 buffer layer thicknesses of the modified pentacene-OPTs were further optimized.•The optimized buffer layer thickness increases with the increasing of the surface roughness of the active layer in OPTs.•An important parameter, saturated photoresponsivity, which can be used for comparing the performances of OPTs was introduced.Inserting a C60 buffer layer between Au source/drain electrodes and pentacene active layer has been proved to improve the performances of pentacene organic phototransistors (PENT-OPTs) in our previous study. Buffer layer certainly has an optimal thickness with which the modified device can achieve the best performance. Based on the surface morphology analysis of different thickness C60 buffer layer on pentacene film, we further optimized the thickness of C60 buffer layer for best performance of PENT-OPTs and investigated its physical origins. Studies on PENT-OPTs with different pentacene surface morphology realized by different substrate temperatures indicate that the optimal thickness of C60 buffer layer directly related to the surface roughness of pentacene active layer and it is found that the optimized buffer layer thickness increases with the roughness of pentacene layer. Besides, we found that the photogenerated current of OPTs increases with the increasing of gate electric bias and then gradually reach saturation. An approximate analytical expression for gate voltage dependence of the photogenerated current was derived and used to fit the experiment data. An important parameter, saturated photoresponsivity, was introduced for better comparing the performances of OPTs.
Co-reporter:Songnan Qu, Hong Chen, Xuanming Zheng, Junsheng Cao and Xingyuan Liu
Nanoscale 2013 vol. 5(Issue 12) pp:5514-5518
Publication Date(Web):08 Apr 2013
DOI:10.1039/C3NR00619K
A construction strategy for ratiometric fluorescent nanosensors based on water soluble C-dots was developed, which could sense temperature (10–82 °C), pH values (lower than 6.0 or higher than 8.6) and Fe3+ ions (>0.04 μM) by monitoring the intensity ratios of dual fluorescence bands (Ib/Ig) under 380 nm excitation. Ib/Ig decreased nearly linearly with increasing temperature from 10 to 82 °C. In the pH range from 8.6 to 6.0, the Ib/Ig was nearly constant at 0.75. Ib/Ig gradually decreased from 0.75 to 0.52 in the pH range from 6.0 to 1.9, and increased nearly linearly from 0.52 to 0.75 in the pH range from 1.9 to 1.0. The dual fluorescence behavior was reversible in the pH range from 1.0 to 8.6. As pH increased from 10.6 to 13.0, the green fluorescence band decreased continuously and blue shifted with a nearly linear increase in Ib/Ig from 0.75 to 2.15, while the green fluorescence band cannot be recovered by decreasing the pH value. Ib/Ig was ultrasensitive and selective in presence of Fe3+ (>0.04 μM) in neutral aqueous environments. The two fluorescence bands of the C-dots were attributed to different surface states that may produce different fluorescent signal responses to external physical or chemical stimuli.
Co-reporter:Songnan Qu, Hongyu Zhang, Yuejia Ma, Junsheng Cao, Shaohang Wu and Xingyuan Liu
RSC Advances 2013 vol. 3(Issue 41) pp:19104-19109
Publication Date(Web):06 Aug 2013
DOI:10.1039/C3RA41371C
A large area, aligned, ordered, π-conjugated film of a liquid crystalline bi-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative (BOXD-5) (up to several square millimeters) with polarized fluorescence (Imax/Imin of 6.0, ΦF = 72%) and a deep blue amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) (λ = 405 nm, threshold of about 2 kW cm−2) can be easily obtained upon cooling from its nematic phase with homeotropic texture in air at room temperature without the help of an alignment layer. The laser damaged aligned BOXD-5 film sandwiched between untreated glass slides can “self heal” through an easy heating–cooling thermal process. Neither the polarized fluorescence nor the ASE phenomenon were observed in the vacuum evaporated film. The directional π–π interactions between the 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings and phenyl rings, and its peculiar mesophase sequence cooperatively sustain a large area, aligned, ordered, π-conjugated film with polarized fluorescence and an ASE.
Co-reporter:Yang Yang, Lei Zhang, Bin Li, Liming Zhang and Xingyuan Liu
RSC Advances 2013 vol. 3(Issue 35) pp:14993-14996
Publication Date(Web):08 Jul 2013
DOI:10.1039/C3RA42276C
A series of tetramethyl BODIPY branched triphenylamine derivatives TPA–BDP1, TPA–BDP2 and TPA–BDP3 have been designed and synthesized. Their emissions are tunable from green to red by changing solvent polarity and exhibit highly efficient and stable amplified spontaneous emissions (ASE) in the green region, under transversal pumping at 355 nm.
Co-reporter:Xingye Zhang, Jie Lin, Xinhua Ouyang, Ying Liu, Xingyuan Liu, Ziyi Ge
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 2013 Volume 268() pp:37-43
Publication Date(Web):15 September 2013
DOI:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.06.012
•Novel host materials based on arylamine and phenanthroimidazole moieties.•High triplet energy hosts for phosphorescent OLEDs.•Highly efficient green phosphorescent OLEDs.Two novel host materials, 2-(4,4″-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-[1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl]-5′-yl)-1-(4-(trifluoro-methyl)phenyl)-1H-phenanhro[9,10-d]imidazole (DCzBPI) and N4,N4,N4″,N4″-tetraphenyl-5′-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl))-1H-phenanthro-[9,10-d] (DTPABPI), were designed and synthesized. The electroluminescence (EL) characteristics by using them as host materials were investigated. Results were found both of them showed good performance, especially for DCzBPI. The maximal external quantum efficiency is up to 21.2% and the brightness is up to 63,610 cd/m2 with current efficiency of 53.8 cd A−1.
Co-reporter:Songnan Qu, Qipeng Lu, Shaohang Wu, Lijun Wang and Xingyuan Liu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2012 vol. 22(Issue 47) pp:24605-24609
Publication Date(Web):25 Sep 2012
DOI:10.1039/C2JM35002E
We report the role of the molecular structure and molecular interactions of linear shaped bi-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (BOXD-n) on their self-assembly behaviors and optical properties. The terminal chains of BOXD-n (n = 1, 4) play an important role in molecular self-assembling and their optical properties. High fluorescence efficiency (ΦF = 56%) was observed in BOXD-4 single crystal, while relatively low fluorescence efficiency (ΦF = 21%) was observed in BOXD-1 single crystal. Highly polarized fluorescence (Imax/Imin of 23) and deep blue ASE (λ = 403 nm, threshold of about 20 kW cm−2) were observed in BOXD-4 single crystal, in which molecules uniaxially J-type aggregate through both face-to-face and edge-to-edge π–π interactions between 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings and phenyl rings. No polarized fluorescence or ASE phenomenon was observed in BOXD-4 vacuum evaporated films.
Co-reporter:Xiaoyang Guo, Jie Lin, Hong Chen, Xin Zhang, Yi Fan, Jinsong Luo and Xingyuan Liu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2012 vol. 22(Issue 33) pp:17176-17182
Publication Date(Web):27 Jun 2012
DOI:10.1039/C2JM33594H
A method of fabricating ultrathin (∼25 μm-thick) and efficient flexible polymer PV cells based on an indium-free transparent electrode with the structure of SiO2/WO3/Ag/WO3 (SWAW) has been developed. The SWAW flexible electrode exhibits excellent optical and electrical properties, with a high transmittance of ∼90%, combined with a low sheet resistance of ∼9 Ω sq−1, and a work function of 5.16 eV. The flexible SWAW electrode is stable through 2000 bending cycles, has strong adhesion, and is thermally and environmentally stable. The performance of the polymer PV cells with the SWAW electrode are competitive with devices based on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, which indicates that the SWAW electrode is a potential candidate for low-cost, light-weight and flexible transparent electrodes to replace ITO in efficient optoelectronic devices.
Co-reporter: Songnan Qu; Xiaoyun Wang; Qipeng Lu; Xingyuan Liu; Lijun Wang
Angewandte Chemie 2012 Volume 124( Issue 49) pp:12381-12384
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/ange.201206791
Co-reporter: Songnan Qu; Xiaoyun Wang; Qipeng Lu; Xingyuan Liu; Lijun Wang
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2012 Volume 51( Issue 49) pp:12215-12218
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/anie.201206791
Co-reporter:Dr. Sheng Liu;Dr. Xiaoyang Guo; Mingrun Li; Wen-Hua Zhang; Xingyuan Liu; Can Li
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2011 Volume 50( Issue 50) pp:12050-12053
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/anie.201105614
Co-reporter:Xiaoyang Guo, Jie Lin, Hong Chen, Xin Zhang, Yi Fan, Jinsong Luo and Xingyuan Liu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2012 - vol. 22(Issue 33) pp:NaN17182-17182
Publication Date(Web):2012/06/27
DOI:10.1039/C2JM33594H
A method of fabricating ultrathin (∼25 μm-thick) and efficient flexible polymer PV cells based on an indium-free transparent electrode with the structure of SiO2/WO3/Ag/WO3 (SWAW) has been developed. The SWAW flexible electrode exhibits excellent optical and electrical properties, with a high transmittance of ∼90%, combined with a low sheet resistance of ∼9 Ω sq−1, and a work function of 5.16 eV. The flexible SWAW electrode is stable through 2000 bending cycles, has strong adhesion, and is thermally and environmentally stable. The performance of the polymer PV cells with the SWAW electrode are competitive with devices based on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, which indicates that the SWAW electrode is a potential candidate for low-cost, light-weight and flexible transparent electrodes to replace ITO in efficient optoelectronic devices.
Co-reporter:Songnan Qu, Qipeng Lu, Shaohang Wu, Lijun Wang and Xingyuan Liu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2012 - vol. 22(Issue 47) pp:NaN24609-24609
Publication Date(Web):2012/09/25
DOI:10.1039/C2JM35002E
We report the role of the molecular structure and molecular interactions of linear shaped bi-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (BOXD-n) on their self-assembly behaviors and optical properties. The terminal chains of BOXD-n (n = 1, 4) play an important role in molecular self-assembling and their optical properties. High fluorescence efficiency (ΦF = 56%) was observed in BOXD-4 single crystal, while relatively low fluorescence efficiency (ΦF = 21%) was observed in BOXD-1 single crystal. Highly polarized fluorescence (Imax/Imin of 23) and deep blue ASE (λ = 403 nm, threshold of about 20 kW cm−2) were observed in BOXD-4 single crystal, in which molecules uniaxially J-type aggregate through both face-to-face and edge-to-edge π–π interactions between 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings and phenyl rings. No polarized fluorescence or ASE phenomenon was observed in BOXD-4 vacuum evaporated films.
Co-reporter:Xujun Zheng, Qiming Peng, Jie Lin, Yi Wang, Jie Zhou, Yan Jiao, Yuefeng Bai, Yan Huang, Feng Li, Xingyuan Liu, Xuemei Pu and Zhiyun Lu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015 - vol. 3(Issue 27) pp:NaN6978-6978
Publication Date(Web):2015/05/21
DOI:10.1039/C5TC00779H
A red naphthalimide derivative with an intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) feature, namely (E)-2-(4-(t-butyl)phenyl)-6-(2-(6-(diphenylamino)naphthalen-2-yl)vinyl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione (NA-TNA), was designed and synthesized. Photophysical and magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) characterization results revealed that NA-TNA could harvest triplet excitons via a triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) process in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to the presence of a lower-lying triplet excited state with 3ππ* character. Consequently, using NA-TNA as a guest compound and CzPhONI, another ICT-featured naphthalimide derivative with triplet fusion delayed fluorescence (TFDF) character as host material, a high-performance orange OLED with 6 wt% NA-TNA doped CzPhONI film as the emitting layer was acquired. The maximum current efficiency (LEmax), brightness (Lmax), and external quantum yield (EQEmax) of this OLED is 7.73 cd A−1, 31940 cd m−2 and 5.83%, respectively, while the theoretical EQEmax of this device should not exceed 3.34%. On the contrary, the reference device with a NA-TNA doping level of 1.4 wt% showed much inferior performance, with a LEmax, a Lmax, and an EQEmax of 3.19 cd A−1, 24900 cd m−2 and 2.49%, respectively. The high performance of the 6 wt% NA-TNA doped device was attributed to the efficient harvesting of triplet excitons by both the guest and host materials.
Co-reporter:Shuai Luo, Jie Lin, Jie Zhou, Yi Wang, Xingyuan Liu, Yan Huang, Zhiyun Lu and Changwei Hu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015 - vol. 3(Issue 20) pp:NaN5267-5267
Publication Date(Web):2015/04/14
DOI:10.1039/C5TC00409H
Three red-emissive D–π–A-structured fluorophores with an aromatic amine as the donor, ethene-1,2-diyl as the π-bridge, and 1,8-naphthalimide as the acceptor subunit, namely, (E)-6-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-2-hexyl-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione (Nap1), (E)-2-(2,6-di(isopropyl)phenyl)-6-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione (Nap2) and (E)-2-(2,6-di(isopropyl)phenyl)-6-(2-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)vinyl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione (Nap3), were designed and synthesized. In-depth investigations on the correlations between their molecular structures and photophysical characteristics revealed that the presence of an electron-rich 4-dimethylaminophenyl donor moiety in compound Nap1 could endow it with a red emission (e.g., λPLmax = 641 nm in the host–guest blend film with a 14 wt% guest composition); moreover, the replacement of the n-hexyl group of Nap1 bonding to the imide nitrogen atom for a more bulky 2,6-di(isopropyl)phenyl one would result in compound Nap2 with more alleviated concentration quenching. Alteration of the 4-(dimethylamino)phenyl donor subunit of Nap2 into a more electron-donating 1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidin-9-yl substituent would render compound Nap3 with more improved chromaticity (e.g., λPLmax = 663 nm in a 14 wt% guest-doped film). Consequently, Nap3 could not only emit standard-red fluorescence with satisfactory chromaticity, but it also showed suppressed intermolecular interactions. Using Nap3 as the dopant, a heavily doped standard-red organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with the device configuration of ITO/MoO3 (1 nm)/TcTa (40 nm)/CzPhONI:Nap3 (14 wt%) (20 nm)/TPBI (45 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (80 nm) was fabricated, and the Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage coordinates, maximum external quantum efficiency and maximum current efficiency of this OLED were (0.67,0.32), 1.8% and 0.7 cd A−1, respectively. All these preliminary results indicated that 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives could act as quite promising standard-red light-emitting materials for OLED applications.
![Anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2H,9H)-tetrone,2,9-ditridecyl-](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/95700/95689-92-2.png)
![Anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2H,9H)-tetrone,2,9-ditridecyl-](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/95700/95689-92-2_b.png)
