Co-reporter:Huiwen Tao;Xueqin Zhang;Ying Sun;Hong Yang;Baoping Lin
Colloid and Polymer Science 2017 Volume 295( Issue 1) pp:205-213
Publication Date(Web):16 December 2016
DOI:10.1007/s00396-016-4001-9
To clarify the influence of molecular weight of siloxane macromonomer on phase separation morphology, oxygen permeability, and mechanical properties, silicone hydrogels were prepared by copolymerizing mixtures of methacrylate-terminated siloxane macromonomer (MTSM), silicon-containing monomers tris(trimethylsiloxy)-3-methacryloxpropylsilane, and three hydrophilic monomers N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, and hydroxypropyl methacrylate. The number of Si–O–Si repeating units was equal in every silicone hydrogel while the molecular weight of MTSM ranged from 1000 to 10000 g/mol. The oxygen permeability coefficient (Dk), equilibrium water content (EWC), light transmittance, mechanical properties, and internal morphologies of obtained silicone hydrogels were characterized, and their relationships were discussed in detail. The results showed that the Dk value increased first and then decreased with the chain length of MTSM increasing. The EWC presented an increasing trend and the light transmittance decreased with the increase of MTSM chain length. The elongation increased while the modulus and the tensile strengths of the silicone hydrogels decreased along with the MTSM molecular weight increasing. The internal morphologies of the silicone hydrogels were observed by transmission electron microscope. The results indicated that the silicone hydrogels presented different phase separation structures depending on the molecular chain length of MTSM. The continuous silicone phase formed and made significant contributions to high Dk value as the molecular chain length of MTSM was moderate. Besides, a model was proposed to explain the effect mechanism of the MTSM chain length on the oxygen permeability and the EWC. This work provided a facile method to preparing the silicone hydrogel materials with desirable water absorption and high oxygen permeability by adjusting the molecular weight of macromonomers.
Co-reporter:Xiaohui Gong;Pei Han;Hui Wen;Ying Sun;Xueqin Zhang;Hong Yang;Baoping Lin
European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2017 Volume 2017(Issue 25) pp:3689-3698
Publication Date(Web):2017/07/07
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.201700393
As a fused-ring conjugated unit, triphenodioxazine, has been applied in two series of thiophene-free conjugated polymers for polymer solar cells. The polymers were synthesized through a multi-step synthetic route, and the substituents had a great effect on the reactivity of the reactants. Relationships among the polymer structures as well as thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties were investigated in detail by experimental data analysis and theoretical simulation. The polymers possess highly planar backbones, broad Vis/NIR absorption bands, suitable frontier molecular orbital energies, and low band gaps ranging from 1.3 to 1.8 eV. The power conversion efficiencies of their photovoltaic devices are about 1 %. Introducing longer alkyl side chains into a polymer can bring about a better film-forming ability and improve the photovoltaic performance.
Co-reporter:Junchuan Wang, Yunchen Long, Ying Sun, Xueqin Zhang, Hong Yang, Baoping Lin
Applied Surface Science 2017 Volume 426(Volume 426) pp:
Publication Date(Web):31 December 2017
DOI:10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.07.149
•Novel BT@SiO2/PI nanocomposite films have been synthesized.•Dielectric properties and thermal stability of BT@SiO2/PI nanocomposite films are improved.•The maximal energy density of BT@SiO2/PI nanocomposite films is enhanced up to 1.6 times compared to pristine PI.High energy density polymer nanocomposites with high-temperature resistance are quite desirable for film capacitors and many other power electronics. In this study, polyimide-based (PI) nanocomposite films containing the core-shell structured barium titanate@silicon dioxide (BT@SiO2) nanofibers have been successfully synthesized by the solution casting method. In the BT@SiO2/PI nanocomposite films, the dielectric permittivity as well as the breakdown strength increase significantly. The SiO2 shell layers with moderate dielectric permittivity could effectively mitigate the local field concentration induced by the large mismatch between the dielectric permittivity of BT and PI, which contributes to the enhancement of the breakdown strength of the PI nanocomposite films. As a result, the PI nanocomposite film filled with 3 vol% BT@SiO2 nanofibers exhibits a maximal energy density of 2.31 J cm−3 under the field of 346 kV/mm, which is 62% over the pristine PI (1.42 J cm−3 at 308 kV/mm) and about 200% greater than the best commercial polymer, i.e. biaxially oriented polypropylenes (BOPP) (≈1.2 J cm−3). The thermogravimetric analysis results indicate that the BT@SiO2/PI nanocomposite films have good thermal stability below 500 °C.Download high-res image (123KB)Download full-size imageCore-shell structured BT@SiO2/PI nanocomposite films with enhanced breakdown strength and energy density were synthesized via the solution casting method.
Co-reporter:Jiahui Tian, Baoping Lin, Ying Sun, Xueqin Zhang, Hong Yang
Materials Letters 2017 Volume 206(Volume 206) pp:
Publication Date(Web):1 November 2017
DOI:10.1016/j.matlet.2017.06.116
•A novel porous WO3@CuO composite has been synthesized for the first time.•We present an innovative strategy to prepare composite of metal oxide by pyrolysis.•The POMs@MOFs template confirms the homogeneity and the porosity of the composite.•The composite exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance.This work presents a novel strategy to prepare homogeneous and porous WO3@CuO composites by employing a POMs@MOFs template (POMs = polyoxometalates, MOFs = metal organic frameworks), in which the W-based POMs are incorporated into Cu-based MOFs as secondary building units. The porous structure of the composites can provide the sufficient pathways for ion transport and electron diffusion in supercapacitor. In addition, the doping of WO3 to CuO contributes to the excellent electrochemical performance of the composite electrode, which exhibits a specific capacitance of 284 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, much higher than pure CuO electrode (48 F g−1). Moreover, the composite material has shown longer cycle life of 85.2% capacitance retention over 1500 cycles.
Co-reporter:Yidong Zhang, Baoping Lin, Junchuan Wang, Jiahui Tian, Ying Sun, Xueqin Zhang and Hong Yang
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2016 vol. 4(Issue 26) pp:10282-10293
Publication Date(Web):01 Jun 2016
DOI:10.1039/C6TA03633C
Currently, the development of two kinds of materials from a single precursor has been an important frontier in material synthesis. In this study, we have successfully fabricated a single precursor using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) (zeolitic imidazolate framework, ZIF-8) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). ZnO quantum dots (QDs)/carbon/CNTs and porous N-doped carbon/CNTs have been selectively synthesized from a single ZIF-8/CNTs template. When the two derived materials were used for supercapacitor electrodes, they showed high capacitance values (185 F g−1 g for ZnO QDs/carbon/CNTs at 0.5 A g−1 and 250 F g−1 g for porous N-doped carbon/CNTs at 1 A g−1, respectively). Further, an all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device using ZnO QDs/carbon/CNTs as the positive electrode and porous N-doped carbon/CNTs as the negative electrode was fabricated, and this device could reach a working potential of 1.7 V, delivering a maximum energy density of 23.6 W h kg−1 and a maximum power density of 16.9 kW kg−1, which are better than those of the ZnO-based symmetric or asymmetric supercapacitor devices.
Co-reporter:Yidong Zhang, Baoping Lin, Junchuan Wang, Pei Han, Tong Xu, Ying Sun, Xueqin Zhang, Hong Yang
Electrochimica Acta 2016 Volume 191() pp:795-804
Publication Date(Web):10 February 2016
DOI:10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.161
•Porous MoO3@CuO was obtained from POMs@MOFs template.•A good charge capacity of 86.3 mAh g−1 was achieved in 1 M LiOH electrolyte.•The MoO3@CuO electrode was assembled into an all-solid-state device.•The introduction of MoO3 improves the charge capacity.•The MoO3@CuO composite has good uniformity and porosity.The demand of uniformity and porosity for composite supercapacitor material has triggered tremendous research efforts for the development of doping method. Herein, we report an effective strategy for homogeneous and polyporous MoO3@CuO composite by heating a POMs@MOFs template (POMs = polyoxometalates, MOFs = Metal-organic frameworks), in which the Mo-POMs are incorporated into Cu-MOFs as secondary building units. The excellent doping of MoO3 to CuO leads to an obvious improvement in specific discharge capacity (from 15.4 mAh g−1 for CuO to 86.3 mAh g−1 for MoO3@CuO). The layered structure of MoO3 plays a key role in providing facilitated ion transport and electron diffusion pathways for the composite material. This electrode demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance with a specific discharge capacity of 86.3 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 in 1 M LiOH. When this porous MoO3@CuO electrode is assembled into a symmetric all-solid-state device with PVA-LiOH gel polymer, the as-fabricated device demonstrates good performance with an energy density of 7.9 W h kg−1, power density of 8726 W kg−1, and excellent cycle life. This work presents a new template to improve the uniformity and porosity of composite metal oxides, which can be used for high-performance supercapacitors.
Co-reporter:Yidong Zhang, Baoping Lin, Ying Sun, Pei Han, Junchuan Wang, Xiaojing Ding, Xueqin Zhang, Hong Yang
Electrochimica Acta 2016 Volume 188() pp:490-498
Publication Date(Web):10 January 2016
DOI:10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.037
We have synthesized a composite of MoO2@Cu@CusingathermolysistemplateofPOM@MOFcrystal(POM = polyoxometalates, MOF = Metal–organic frameworks), in which the Keggin-type Mo-based POMs with negative charges exist as secondary building units of Cu-based MOF. In addition, the material is confirmed to exhibit an excellent capacity of 28.33 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, which is much higher than MoO2-based supercapacitors reported before. Moreover, we have fabricated a symmetrical flexible all-solid-state device with the MoO2@Cu@C electrode using PVA-KOH gel polymer as electrolyte and separator, and it shows outstanding sTable performance retaining 91% of its highest charge capacity maintained after 5000 cycles. The present study displayed a novel thermolysis template in the term of POM@MOF and provided an accessible foundation for investigations of MoO2-based supercapacitors.
Co-reporter:Hui Wen, Xiaohui Gong, Pei Han, Baoping Lin, Lei Zhang, Shanghui Ye, Ying Sun, Xueqin Zhang and Hong Yang
RSC Advances 2016 vol. 6(Issue 73) pp:69277-69281
Publication Date(Web):18 Jul 2016
DOI:10.1039/C6RA13864K
To explore the potential of pyrene-fused biimidazole as a building block for soluble small molecule semiconductors, we designed and synthesized PBI-L-Na and PBI-B-Na. Imidazole rings provided substitution positions for the solubilising groups at the K-region, however, DFT calculations revealed that the repulsive steric hindrance from the neighboring hydrogen atoms on pyrene forced alkyl side chains into a twisted conformation. Thus, side chains on this type of molecule exerted a prominent influence on the molecular packing and affected their optoelectronic properties intensively in the solid state. PBI-L-Na exhibited a more ordered packing of the large conjugated plane with a π–π stacking distance of 0.36 nm and showed a hole mobility up to 0.12 cm2 V−1 s−1. Bulkier branched chains provided better solubility but impeded molecular packing of PBI-B-Na, thus giving a hole mobility of 4.6 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Co-reporter:Ying Sun, Chao Zhang, Qizan Huang, Bin Dai, Baoping Lin, Hong Yang, Xueqin Zhang, Lingxiang Guo and Yurong Liu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015 vol. 3(Issue 29) pp:7669-7676
Publication Date(Web):22 Jun 2015
DOI:10.1039/C5TC01142F
In a bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cell, film morphology of the active layer plays a significant role in determining the device performance. For lots of polymers, optimization of BHJ morphology can be achieved by employing high boiling solvent additive such as 1-chloronaphthalene (1-CN). However, the additive process significantly increases the device fabrication complexity and leads to poor reproducibility of the device performance, which is not beneficial to large-scale manufacturing. In this paper, we show that well-organized film morphology can be achieved by systematic modification of the polymer structure. First, a new diketopyrrolopyrrole based monomer with a naphthalene group introduced to the terminal of the alkyl side chain was synthesized. The naphthalene group was incorporated to improve the miscibility of the polymer with a fullerene derivative and help the polymer chains self-assemble into an ordered microstructure for defined film morphology. By simply varying the monomers' ratio in copolymerization, we prepared a series of indacenodithiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole based polymers namely, P1, P2, P3 and P4, with different contents of naphthalene group functionalized side chains. The influences of naphthalene modification on the optical and electrochemical properties of polymers, film morphology and photovoltaic properties were investigated in detail. As expected, we observed better miscibility without any significant effects on the electronic and optical properties of the polymer for 25% molar percentage of the naphthalene linked monomer employed during polymerization. However, further enhancement of the naphthalene content may decrease π–π stacking, hence leading to reduced optical property and hole mobility. When 50% molar percentage of the naphthalene linked monomer was contained in polymerization, an optimum device efficiency of 4.01% can be achieved, which was much higher than 2.92% for the 1-CN additive optimized non-naphthalene side chain counterpart based device.
Co-reporter:Hong Yang, Jian-Jian Liu, Zhi-Fei Wang, Ling-Xiang Guo, Patrick Keller, Bao-Ping Lin, Ying Sun and Xue-Qin Zhang
Chemical Communications 2015 vol. 51(Issue 60) pp:12126-12129
Publication Date(Web):22 Jun 2015
DOI:10.1039/C5CC02599K
A novel NIR-responsive GNR/LCE composite fiber material was prepared by a three-step sequential thiol-click chemistry approach. Taking advantage of GNRs' significant photo-thermal effect, a GNR/LCE composite material with a very low Au loading-level (0.09 wt%), under 808 nm NIR stimulus achieved the N-to-I transition and shrank dramatically in an ambient environment.
Co-reporter:Dan Li, Yurong Liu, Baoping Lin, Changwei Lai, Ying Sun, Hong Yang and Xueqin Zhang
RSC Advances 2015 vol. 5(Issue 119) pp:98278-98287
Publication Date(Web):11 Nov 2015
DOI:10.1039/C5RA18979A
A novel ternary graphene/molybdenum oxide/poly(p-phenylenediamine) nanocomposite (GMP) has been successfully synthesized via a two-step process including the generation of binary graphene/MoO3 composites through a hydrothermal method and chemical polymerization of p-phenylenediamine (pPD) monomer. When the feed ratio of pPD to Na2MoO4·2H2O is 1, the resulting composite (GMP-1.0) possesses superior electrochemical performance with a maximum specific capacitance of 1042.6 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in a three-electrode system and 418.5 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in a two-electrode system. Its energy density achieves 24.56 W h kg−1 at a power density of 325 W kg−1, and 6.8 W h kg−1 at a high power density of 3263 W kg−1. Furthermore, the ternary composite retains 86.7% of the initial capacitance after 3000 cycles, indicating its excellent cycling stability.
Co-reporter:Dan Li, Yurong Liu, Baoping Lin, Changwei Lai, Ying Sun, Hong Yang, Xueqin Zhang
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2015 Volume 652() pp:9-17
Publication Date(Web):15 December 2015
DOI:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.08.199
•The graphene/SnO2/poly (p-phenylenediamine) nanocomposite was fabricated firstly.•The synergistic effect is beneficial for enhancing the whole performances.•An enhanced capacitance of composite is 777.5 F g−1.•A high capacity retention rate of 97.8% after 2000 cycles can be achieved.A new ternary composite containing graphene, tin oxide (SnO2) and poly (p-phenylenediamine) (PpPD) is prepared successfully via one-pot method, which includes the reduction of GO and the formation of SnO2 simultaneously followed by polymerization of p-phenylenediamine (pPD). The graphene/SnO2/PpPD (GSP) composite achieves an enhanced specific capacitance (777.5 F g−1) at 5 mV s−1 in 1 M H2SO4 and retains 97.8% of the initial capacitance after 2000 cycles. Therefore, the GSP ternary composite can be a promising electrode material for supercapacitors and other energy storage devices.
Co-reporter:Yidong Zhang, Baoping Lin, Ying Sun, Xueqin Zhang, Hong Yang and Junchuan Wang
RSC Advances 2015 vol. 5(Issue 72) pp:58100-58106
Publication Date(Web):29 Jun 2015
DOI:10.1039/C5RA11597C
A hybrid material of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Mn-based metal organic frameworks (Mn-MOF) was synthesized and used as a Mn-based supercapacitor electrode material. The incorporation of CNTs into Mn-MOF led to an inherent improvement in conductivity and an intrinsic increase in specific capacitance (from 43.2 F g−1 for pure Mn-MOF to 203.1 F g−1 for CNTs@Mn-MOF). Furthermore, the symmetrical supercapacitor based on the CNTs@Mn-MOF exhibited excellent power density and outstanding stability even after 3000 cycles with 88% retention of the initial capacitance. This research exploited a new direction for developing Mn-based supercapacitor materials and provided an effective method to improve capacitive performance of MOFs materials.
Co-reporter:Pei Han, Xiaohui Gong, Baoping Lin, Zhenhong Jia, Shanghui Ye, Ying Sun and Hong Yang
RSC Advances 2015 vol. 5(Issue 62) pp:50098-50104
Publication Date(Web):29 May 2015
DOI:10.1039/C5RA07889J
Two donor–acceptor conjugated small molecules that consist of thienoisoindigo as an acceptor unit and benzofuran or naphthalene as a donor building block have been synthesized via a Suzuki coupling reaction. The small molecules, TII(BFu)2 and TII(Na)2, exhibit broad and near-infrared absorption in the range of 500–900 nm while their absorption maxima locate at around 620 nm in films. Optical band gaps calculated from the solid state absorption cutoff value are 1.49 eV for TII(BFu)2 and 1.53 eV for TII(Na)2, respectively. These small molecules possess p-channel charge transport characteristics when used as the active semiconductor in organic thin-film transistors (OFETs). The highest hole mobilities of 1.28 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 for TII(BFu)2 and 1.29 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 for TII(Na)2 have been achieved in top-contact-bottom-gate OFET devices. The preliminary characterization of bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices consisting of small molecules and PC71BM yield power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 1.24% for TII(BFu)2 and 1.04% for TII(Na)2. Moreover, the relationships between the semiconductor devices performance and film morphology, and energy levels are discussed.
Co-reporter:Hong Yang, Ming Xu, Ling-Xiang Guo, Hao-Fan Ji, Jun-Yu Wang, Bao-Ping Lin, Xue-Qin Zhang and Ying Sun
RSC Advances 2015 vol. 5(Issue 10) pp:7304-7310
Publication Date(Web):22 Dec 2014
DOI:10.1039/C4RA16351F
This manuscript presents a facile thiol–ene photo-click chemistry method to prepare magnetic stir bar-encapsulated polysiloxane-based organocatalyst gels under benign conditions, and develops a Stir Bar-Encapsulated Catalysis (SBEC) technique. Through thiol–ene addition chemistry, we graft olefin-terminated organocatalysts (i.e. MacMillan catalyst, proline catalyst, and N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst) onto poly[3-mercaptopropylmethylsiloxane], which is further photo-crosslinked to coat the embedded magnetic stir bar. The prepared magnetic stir bar-encapsulated polysiloxane-based organocatalyst gels can be put into reaction flasks to perform stirring and catalysis functions at the same time. The most important benefit of SBEC technique is to infinitely simplify the catalyst/product separation procedure by using a simple stir-bar-retriever, even without any precipitation/filtration steps. The catalytic performances of three different organocatalyst gels applied in asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction, asymmetric aldol reaction and benzoin condensation reaction respectively are also examined herein.
Co-reporter:Yurong Liu;Baoping Lin;Dan Li;Xueqin Zhang;Ying Sun;Hong Yang
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2015 Volume 132( Issue 3) pp:
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/app.41322
ABSTRACT
The hierarchically porous graphitic carbon monoliths containing nickel nanoparticles (HPGCM-Ni) were fabricated via multi-component co-assembly in polyurethane (PU) foam scaffold associated with a direct carbonization process from triblock copolymer F127, diblock copolymer PDMS-PEO, phenolic resol, and nickel nitrate and subsequent silicates removal with NaOH solution. The decomposable PU foam scaffold played important role in the process of multi-component co-assembly and macrostructure formation. The nickel salts were reduced to metallic Ni nanoparticles during the carbonization process. The obtained HPGCM-Ni materials exhibited macropores of 100–450 μm, mesopore size of 7.2 nm, BET surface area of 725 m2 g−1, pore volume of 0.74 cm3 g−1, and saturation magnetization of 2.3 emu g−1. Using methyl orange as model dye pollutant in water, HPGCM-Ni samples showed good adsorption capacity of 440 mg g−1, exhibiting excellent adsorption characteristics desirable for the application in adsorption of dyes and separation under an external magnetic field. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41322.
Co-reporter:Lingxiang Guo;Jing Guan;Xiaofang Zhao;Baoping Lin;Hong Yang
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2015 Volume 132( Issue 13) pp:
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/app.41733
ABSTRACT
Novel polymethacrylate-positive photoresist-bearing o-nitrobenzyl group was described herein. The matrix polymer (PCHIBNB) was synthesized by copolymerization of cyclohexyl methacrylate (CHMA), isobornyl methacrylate (IBMA), and o-nitrobenzyl methacrylate (NBMA) via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization method. After UV irradiation, the o-nitrobenzyl groups of PCHIBNB were photocleaved and the resulting carboxyl groups were highly alkali-soluble, so that the matrix polymer could be etched by mild alkali solution with no requirements of photosensitizers or photoacid generators. PCHIBNB was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The photocleavable behaviors of PCHIBNB were determined by FTIR, 1H-NMR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The resist formulated with this polymer and cast in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution showed 10 μm × 10 μm square pattern using a mercury–xenon lamp in a contact printing mode and tetramethyl-ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution as a developer. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41733.
Co-reporter:Ying Sun;Chao Zhang;Bin Dai;Baoping Lin;Hong Yang;Xueqin Zhang;Lingxiang Guo ;Yurong Liu
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2015 Volume 53( Issue 16) pp:1915-1926
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/pola.27643
ABSTRACT
A series of donor-acceptor conjugated polymers incorporating benzodithiophene (BDT) as donor unit and phenanthrenequnioxaline as acceptor unit with different side chains have been designed and synthesized. For polymer P1 featuring the BDT unit and alkoxy chains substituted phenanthrenequnioxaline unit in the backbone, serious steric hindrance resulted in quite low molecular weight. The implementation of thiophene ring spacer in polymer P2 greatly suppressed the interannular twisting to extend the effective conjugation length and consequently gave rise to improved absorption property and device performance. In addition, utilizing the alkylthienyl side chains to replace the alkyl side chains at BDT unit in polymer P3 further enhanced the photovoltaic performance due to the increased conjugation length. For polymer P4, translating the alkoxy side chains at the phenanthrenequnioxaline ring into the alkyl side chains at thiophene linker group enhanced molecular planarity and strengthened π−π stacking. Consequently improved absorption property and increased hole mobility were achieved for polymer P4. Our results indicated that side chain engineering not only can influence the solubility of polymer but also can determine the polymer backbone planarity and hence the photovoltaic properties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1915–1926
Co-reporter:Yurong Liu;Dan Li;Baoping Lin;Ying Sun;Xueqin Zhang
Journal of Porous Materials 2015 Volume 22( Issue 6) pp:1417-1422
Publication Date(Web):2015 December
DOI:10.1007/s10934-015-0021-y
Hierarchically porous carbon monoliths doped with nickel nanoparticles (Ni-HPCM) have been synthesized by hydrothermal method. The obtained Ni-HPCM materials exhibit a three dimensional interconnected macroporous network (0.5–3.5 μm), high specific surface area (620 m2/g), large pore volume (0.41 cm3/g), and narrow pore size distribution (3.9 nm). The Ni-HPCM materials present a high hydrogen storage capacity. At the pressure of 5 bar, the Ni-HPCM materials show a maximum hydrogen capacity of 4.29 and 1.69 wt% at 77 and 298 K, respectively. The enhanced hydrogen storage capacity is due to the hydrogen spillover effect, which allows the dissociation of hydrogen molecules on the surface of nickel nanoparticles and consequent adsorption of hydrogen atoms inside the channels of HPCM material. Therefore, the Ni-doped hierarchically porous carbon monoliths in the present study are potentially suitable to be used in the range of hydrogen storage.
Co-reporter:Ling-xiang Guo 郭玲香;Jing Guan 管婧 林保平
Journal of Central South University 2015 Volume 22( Issue 9) pp:3296-3301
Publication Date(Web):2015 September
DOI:10.1007/s11771-015-2869-z
The matrix polymer PTBCHNB bearing o-nitrobenzyl group was successfully synthesized by copolymerization of tertiary-butyl methacrylate (TBMA), cyclohexyl methacrylate (CHMA) and o-nitrobenzyl methacrylate (NBMA) via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization method. PTBCHNB was characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, GPC and DSC. After UV irradiation, the o-nitrobenzyl groups of PTBCHNB were photocleaved and the resulting carboxyl groups were highly alkali soluble, and PTBCHNB was converted to PCHIBMA bearing carboxyl groups. So, the matrix polymer could be etched by mild alkali solution with no requirements of photoacid generators and other diverse additives. The photocleavable behaviors of PTBCHNB were determined by FTIR, 1H NMR and TGA analysis. The resist formulated with PTBCHNB and cast in THF solution showed square pattern of 10 μm×10 μm using a mercury-xenon lamp in a contact printing mode and tetramethyl-ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution as a developer.
Co-reporter:Yaqin Chen, Baoping Lin, Xueqin Zhang, Junchuan Wang, Changwei Lai, Ying Sun, Yurong Liu and Hong Yang
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2014 vol. 2(Issue 34) pp:14118-14126
Publication Date(Web):27 Jun 2014
DOI:10.1039/C4TA01818D
Novel amino-modified-CNT/polyimide (NH2-MWNT/PI) flexile composite films with a sandwich structure were prepared through step-by-step casting, in which a dielectric layer (NH2-MWNT/PI composites) intercalated between the two insulating layers (pure PI, acting as both the bottom and the top layers). Due to the high capacitance of the dielectric layer and the effective blocking off conductive paths by the insulating layers, the sandwich composite films show a high dielectric constant and ultralow dielectric loss, and the dielectric constants of the composite films are almost frequency independent between 1 and 1000 kHz. It is notable that the NH2-MWNT/PI ratio of the mid-layer markedly influences the dielectric property of the composite film. When the NH2-MWNT content of the mid-layer is 10 wt%, the multi-layer composite film (P-10-P) shows the highest dielectric constant (ε′) of 31.3 at 1 kHz, while the dielectric loss (tanδ) of the P-10-P is only 0.0016. Furthermore, the obtained multi-layer composite films have high breakdown strength and maximum energy storage density. The mechanical properties and thermal properties of the composite films were also examined in this work.
Co-reporter:Yaqin Chen;Baoping Lin;Hong Yang;Xueqin Zhang ;Ying Sun
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2014 Volume 131( Issue 10) pp:
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/app.40283
ABSTRACT
A series of polyacrylonitrile/polyimide (PAN/PI) composite films with different PAN contents are prepared under given curing temperatures (250, 300, 350, and 400°C). The microstructure of the composite films is observed by SEM, and the thermal, dielectric and mechanical properties of the composite films are determined. The results show that the self-assembly behavior of polyamic acid gives rise to connected network structure in the composite films and the variations in the microstructure of the composite films cured at different temperatures show important effects on the properties of PAN/PI composite films. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40283.
Co-reporter:Hong Yang;You-Jing Lv;Xue-Qin Zhang;Ying Sun ;Ling-Xiang Guo
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2014 Volume 52( Issue 8) pp:1086-1098
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/pola.27105
ABSTRACT
In this manuscript, we design and synthesize a series of X-shaped mesogenic monomers, bearing two terminal-alkene tails. Starting from these X-shaped monomers, acyclic diene metathesis polymerization and thiol-ene polyaddition are applied for the first time to prepare two series of side-on main-chain liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs), respectively. The mesomorphic behaviors and structure-property relationships of these new polymers are studied in detail by a combination of 1H NMR, GPC, TGA, DSC, POM, and XRD experiments. It turns out that the length of alkoxy terminal chains of the embedded mesogens and the length of the spacer connecting two adjacent mesogens on the polymer backbones markedly influence the mesomorphic properties. Furthermore, a side-on main-chain liquid crystalline elastomer fiber is prepared by crosslinking the LCP using a UV-sensitive bifunctional benzophenone crosslinker. In comparison with the pure polymer fiber's monodomain alignment, the crosslinked elastomer fiber however shows nonaligned polydomain structure, probably due to the order competitions between the mixed crosslinkers, mesogens, and polymer backbones. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1086–1098
Co-reporter:Yurong Liu;Baoping Lin;Dan Li;Xueqin Zhang;Ying Sun
Journal of Porous Materials 2014 Volume 21( Issue 6) pp:933-938
Publication Date(Web):2014 December
DOI:10.1007/s10934-014-9841-4
Magnetically-separable hierarchically porous carbon monoliths with partially graphitized structures were synthesized through confinement self-assembly in polyurethane (PU) foam associated with a direct carbonization process from triblock copolymer F127, phenolic resol and ferric nitrate. It was observed that the magnetic Fe nanoparticles were embedded in the walls of graphitic porous carbon matrix, and the resulting materials exhibited hierarchically porous structure with macropores of 100–450 μm, mesopore size of 4.8 nm, BET surface area of 723 m2/g, pore volume of 0.46 cm3/g, and saturation magnetization of 3.1 emu/g. Using methylene blue as model dye pollutant in water, the carbon monolith materials showed high adsorption capacity of 190 mg/g, exhibiting excellent adsorption characteristics desirable for the application in adsorption of dyes and easy separation under an external magnetic field.
Co-reporter:Yurong Liu, Baoping Lin, Dan Li, Tong Xu, Xueqin Zhang, Ying Sun, Hong Yang
Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 2014 200() pp: 245-252
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1016/j.micromeso.2014.08.058
Co-reporter:Hong Yang, Fei Zhang, Bao-Ping Lin, Patrick Keller, Xue-Qin Zhang, Ying Sun and Ling-Xiang Guo
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2013 vol. 1(Issue 7) pp:1482-1490
Publication Date(Web):21 Dec 2012
DOI:10.1039/C2TC00879C
This manuscript describes a series of mesogen-jacketed liquid crystalline polymers (MJLCPs) and elastomers (MJLCEs) bearing a novel polynorbornene backbone, onto which the liquid crystalline mesogen is laterally attached by a single covalent bond without spacers. The side-on mesogenic monomers are synthesized via palladium-catalyzed exo-hydroarylation of norbornadiene, and then polymerized using a Grubbs' catalyst initiated ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) method. MJLCEs are prepared by mixing the MJLCPs with bifunctional benzophenone cross-linkers, pulling fibers to achieve a fine alignment, and crosslinking under UV illumination. Their mesomorphic, thermo-actuation and mechanical properties are studied in detail by a combination of 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and dynamic mechanical analysis. These newly designed polymers can decouple the dynamics of the very bulky and rigid polynorbornene main chain and the mesogenic side groups to achieve liquid crystallinity, only if the length of alkoxy terminal chains of the mesogens is long enough (the number of the carbons in the alkoxy group, n > 9). Moreover, interesting external force induced reversible thermal-actuation behaviors of smectic MJLCEs are observed and analyzed as well.
Co-reporter:Yeli Fan, Baoping Lin, Ying Sun, Xiaohui Gong, Hong Yang and Xueqin Zhang
Polymer Chemistry 2013 vol. 4(Issue 15) pp:4245-4255
Publication Date(Web):22 May 2013
DOI:10.1039/C3PY00454F
Two novel polymers (PFMA-Ma and PFMA-Mb) were synthesized through an efficient and simple method combining conventional free radical polymerization and a Diels–Alder reaction. Different molar percentage compositions of the functionalized pendants in the polymers and two different steric configurations: endo and exo in the D–A adduct structures are revealed in 1H NMR spectra. In addition, DSC curves demonstrate that the reverse Diels–Alder reactions take place at higher temperatures (between 120 °C and 150 °C). Moreover, both of the fluorescence intensities of the two polymer films (PFMA-Ma (x = 0.700) and PFMA-Mb (x = 0.609)) become weak and even almost disappear with the increase of the annealing temperature, indicating that thermal annealing induces π–π stacking and aggregation of the pendants in the polymers. Concurrently, as the molar ratios of pendant moieties in the polymers are increased, a characteristic peak of face-to-face stacking appears in the fluorescence spectra of PFMA-Ma and a slight red-shift is observed in the fluorescence spectra of PFMA-Mb. These phenomena suggest that high molar percentage of pendants is also beneficial to their π–π stacking and aggregation. This study may provide some insights into the stacking of pendants in polymers and its influencing factors, which will be useful when these polymer materials are applied in optoelectronic devices.
Co-reporter:Xueqin Zhang, Buwei Tang, Fan Kong, Hong Yang, Baoping Lin
Solid State Sciences 2013 Volume 21() pp:106-109
Publication Date(Web):July 2013
DOI:10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2013.04.014
•Fluorescence quenching has been found in the PPP coupled to silver nanocap array.•Fluorescence quenching goes with the red-shifted PL peak of PPP in the hybrid.•Decreased Raman signal corresponds to increased PL intensity of PPP in the hybrid.•Inter-ring CC stretching vibration is connected with the fluorescence quenching.The optical properties of poly(2,5-dioctyloxy-p-phenylene) (DOO-PPP) coupled to a silver nanocap array are investigated by Raman and photoluminescence spectra. The emission intensity of the DOO-PPP coupled to the silver nanocap array is much weaker than that of the DOO-PPP film due to the fluorescence quenching of the silver nanocap array. In contrast with the freshly prepared sample, the fluorescence quenching efficiency of the silver nanocap array is obviously decreased for the sample exposed in air; correspondingly, the Raman intensity at 1609 cm−1 is markedly decreased, which is characteristic Raman peak of the inter-ring CC stretching vibration in the conjugated polymer. The experimental results indicate that the inter-ring CC stretching vibration plays an important role for the fluorescence quenching in the DOO-PPP coupled to the silver nanocap array.
Co-reporter:Yue-Wei Yao, Yi Zhou, Bao-Ping Lin, Cheng Yao
Tetrahedron Letters 2013 Volume 54(Issue 49) pp:6779-6781
Publication Date(Web):4 December 2013
DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.10.019
A novel and metal free catalysis of synthesizing 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of boron-azides and nitriles is reported with broad substrate scope and excellent yields.
Co-reporter:Xueqin Zhang;Weiwei Yang;Fan Kong;Hong Yang ;Baoping Lin
Polymer International 2013 Volume 62( Issue 2) pp:204-209
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/pi.4281
Abstract
A series of new all-conjugated diblock copolymers, poly(2,5-dioctyloxy-p-phenylene)-block-poly(3-methoxyethoxyethoxy-methylthiophene) (PPP-b-P3MEEMT), with hydrophilic side-chains have been synthesized by quasi-living Grignard metathesis polymerization. The narrow polydispersity indices of the block copolymers are in the range 1.32–1.40. The block ratios in the obtained diblock copolymers can be well defined by the feed ratios of the monomers. Photoluminescence results reveal that resonance energy transfer occurs from the PPP block to the P3MEEMT block in dilute solution. Differential scanning calorimetry shows that both PPP and P3MEEMT blocks in the copolymers produce crystalline regions and lead to microphase separation as indicated by two endothermal transitions, corresponding to the melting peaks of the PPP and P3MEEMT blocks, respectively. The formations of microphase-separated nanostructures in annealed copolymer films are also observed using transmission electron microscopy. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Co-reporter:Yaqin Chen;Baoping Lin;Hong Yang;Ying Sun ;Xueqin Zhang
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2013 Volume 51( Issue 16) pp:3449-3457
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/pola.26742
ABSTRACT
Amino modified multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are prepared, respectively, by two ways: the conventional one-step method that directly treats acyl chloride functionalized MWNTs with 4, 4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA), giving the amino modified MWNT (Di-MWNT), as well as an improved two-step method in which acyl chloride functionalized MWNT react with mono-Boc protected ODA first and then the Boc-groups are deprotected to provide the amino modified MWNT (NH2-MWNT). Anhydride-terminated polyimide (PI) composite films based on NH2-MWNT and Di-MWNT are fabricated by solution blending and consequent planar casting. The exposed amino groups of NH2-MWNT create strong covalent bonds with the anhydride-terminated polyamide acid in the course of N-acylation and curing chemical reactions. Solubility examinations of nanotubes and morphologies of the composite films indicate that the dispersion of NH2-MWNT is significantly better than Di-MWNT in PI matrix and NH2-MWNT can form connected network throughout the PI matrix which makes the NH2-MWNT/PI film presenting superior conductivity. Both morphologies and mechanical properties of the composites show that NH2-MWNT has stronger interfacial interaction with the PI matrix. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3449–3457
Co-reporter:Hong Yang, Ming-Xia Liu, Yue-Wei Yao, Ping-Yang Tao, Bao-Ping Lin, Patrick Keller, Xue-Qin Zhang, Ying Sun, and Ling-Xiang Guo
Macromolecules 2013 Volume 46(Issue 9) pp:3406-3416
Publication Date(Web):April 15, 2013
DOI:10.1021/ma400462e
A series of side-chain liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) with polysiloxane backbones have been synthesized by grafting mesogenic monomers to poly[3-mercaptopropylmethylsiloxane] (PMMS) via thiol–ene click chemistry. Their properties were studied in detail by a combination of 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. In comparison with the traditional hydrosilylation method which requires noble metal catalyst platinum, this newly designed thiol–ene protocol produces polysiloxane-based LCPs with only anti-Markovnikov addition products under benign conditions. Moreover, by controlling the molar ratio of PMMS and mesogenic monomers, PMMS-based LCPs can be partially functionalized, meanwhile leaving spare mercapto groups, which could be further used as cross-linking sites to prepare polysiloxane-based liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs). Besides preparing LCE fibers with a maximum contraction of 42% at nematic-to-isotropic transition temperature, we further explored the feasibility of using surface-rubbed cells to synthesize LCE films, but it turned out that this method could uniaxially align the mesogens of preformed short polymers but not the backbone chains so that the thermal-actuation effects of these films were modest.
Co-reporter:Ying Sun, Shang-Chieh Chien, Hin-Lap Yip, Kung-Shih Chen, Yong Zhang, Joshua A. Davies, Fang-Chung Chen, Baoping Lin and Alex K.-Y. Jen
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2012 vol. 22(Issue 12) pp:5587-5595
Publication Date(Web):09 Feb 2012
DOI:10.1039/C2JM15517F
A detailed model study has shown that thin film morphology and bulk-heterojunction solar cell performance can be significantly improved by systematic tuning of the surface energy of the conjugated donor polymer through side-chain functionalization. Thiophene-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) moieties with different contents of cyanohexane side chains were incorporated into three low band-gap conjugated copolymers (PIDTDPP1, PIDTDPP2 and PIDTDPP3) consisting of indacenodithiophene (IDT) donors and DPP acceptors. The resulting polymers possessed good solubility in common organic solvents and showed similar energy levels, bandgaps, and hole mobilities. However, the introduction of cyano groups onto the terminal of side-chains significantly changed their surface energy. Topographical images obtained from atomic force microscopy (AFM) proved that a better matched surface energy between polymer and PC71BM had led to enhanced miscibility, which resulted in better BHJ film morphology. Consistent with the surface energy enhancement, the performance of BHJ photovoltaic devices increased from 0.97% for PIDTDPP1, to 2.16% for PIDTDPP2 then to 3.67% for PIDTDPP3. These results clearly reveal that tuning surface energy is an effective way to improve the morphology of the BHJ active layer and efficiency of the photovoltaic device.
Co-reporter:Hong Yang;Qi Zhang;Baoping Lin;Guodong Fu;Xueqin Zhang ;Lingxiang Guo
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2012 Volume 50( Issue 20) pp:4182-4190
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/pola.26244
Abstract
This manuscript describes a straightforward method to prepare stimuli-responsive fibers by the combined technology of electrospinning and two facile thiol-ene click chemistry processes: photo-initialized thiol-ene radical addition and thiol-Michael nucleophilic addition. By controlling the molar ratio of poly((3-mercaptopropyl)methylsiloxane) (PMMS) and the cross-linker, triallyl cyanurate, PMMS-based fibers can be partially photo-crosslinked via UV illumination during electrospinning, to grant them the solvent-resistant property, meanwhile leaving unreacted free mercapto groups on the surfaces, which could be further functionalized with stimuli-responsive polymer brushes. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, a facile thiol-Michael addition protocol between PMMS fibers with free thiol groups on the surfaces and maleimide-terminated PNIPAM has been developed, which allows for the preparation of polysiloxane fibers with thermo-responsive PNIPAM brushes on the surfaces. PMMS-g-PNIPAM fibers show thermo-sensitive behavior to the environment, having a hydrophilic surface at 20°C (water contact angle ∼28°) and a hydrophobic surface at 45°C (water contact angle ∼132°). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012.
Co-reporter:Wensong Han;Baoping Lin;Yidan Zhou;Jiangang Song
Polymer Bulletin 2012 Volume 68( Issue 3) pp:729-743
Publication Date(Web):2012 February
DOI:10.1007/s00289-011-0576-y
The hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate oligomers containing photoinitiator were synthesized by modifying the second-generation hyperbranched poly(amine-ester) with isophorone diisocyanate-2-hydroxyethylacrylate and isophorone diisocyanate-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone at different feed ratio. The elemental analysis, FT-IR and NMR methods are used for structural characterization, molecular weights, and polydispersities, photosensitive groups and thermal properties of the oligomers were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, UV–Vis spectra and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. UV-curing properties were characterized by FT-IR at different curing time. In addition, the solubilities of the oligomers were also examined.
Co-reporter:Ying Sun, Baoping Lin, Hong Yang, Xiaohui Gong
Polymer 2012 Volume 53(Issue 7) pp:1535-1542
Publication Date(Web):22 March 2012
DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2012.02.007
Co-reporter:Ying Sun, Shang-Chieh Chien, Hin-Lap Yip, Yong Zhang, Kung-Shih Chen, David F. Zeigler, Fang-Chung Chen, Baoping Lin, and Alex K.-Y. Jen
Chemistry of Materials 2011 Volume 23(Issue 22) pp:5006
Publication Date(Web):October 25, 2011
DOI:10.1021/cm2024235
A series of cross-linkable hole-transporting materials (X-HTMs) consisting of indacenodithiophene, bithiophene, and thiophene units bookended by two triarylamine groups have been designed and synthesized to investigate their suitability as new anode buffer layer for bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs). These X-HTMs can be thermally cross-linked at temperature between 150 and 180 °C to form robust, solvent-resistant films for subsequent spin-coating of another upper layer. Energy levels of these cross-linked materials were measured by cyclic voltammetry, and the data suggest that these X-HTMs have desirable hole-collecting and electron-blocking abilities to function as an anode buffer layer for PSCs. In addition, by incorporating thiophene or fused ring units into the X-HTM backbone, it effectively improved the hole-carrier motilities. To further improve the conductivity and optical transparency for PSCs, the X-HTM films were p-doped with nitrosonium hexafluoroantimonate (NOSbF6). The doped X-HTM layers showed remarkably enhanced hole-current densities compared to neutral X-HTM under the same electric field bias. The properties of the doped X-HTM film as anode buffer layer has been investigated in PSCs. The resulting devices showed similar performance compared to those made using conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylene- dioxylenethiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), as the anode buffer layer. Moreover, a novel bilayer HTM structure consisting of a doped and a neutral layer was employed to exploit the feasibility of combining high conductivity from the doped X-HTM and good electron-blocking ability from the neutral X-HTM together. Interestingly, PSC devices based on this bilayer structure showed enhanced Voc, Jsc, and FF compared to the devices with only a single-layer doped X-HTM. These results indicate that such X-HTMs are promising alternative materials to PEDOT:PSS as an anode buffer layer for polymer solar cells.Keywords: anode buffer layer; cross-linking; doping; hole-transporting materials; PEDOT:PSS; polymer solar cells;
Co-reporter:Ying Sun, Shang-Chieh Chien, Hin-Lap Yip, Yong Zhang, Kung-Shih Chen, David F. Zeigler, Fang-Chung Chen, Baoping Lin and Alex K.-Y. Jen
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2011 vol. 21(Issue 35) pp:13247-13255
Publication Date(Web):29 Jul 2011
DOI:10.1039/C1JM11564B
Two new semiconducting polymers based on indacenodithiophene and thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine units were synthesized viaStille coupling polymerization. The polymers, PIDTPyT and PIDTDTPyT, exhibited main absorption bands in the range of 550–800 nm while their absorption maxima were located at around 700 nm in films. With two additional thiophene spacers, PIDTDTPyT showed a broader absorption band but a 20 nm blue-shifted maximum peak compared to that of PIDTPyT. Both of the polymers possess low bandgaps (∼1.6 eV) and deep energy levels for both the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) device measurements indicate that PIDTPyT and PIDTDTPyT have high hole carrier mobilities of 0.066 and 0.045 cm2 V−1s−1, respectively, with the on/off ratio on the order of 106. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices consisting of the copolymers and PC71BM gave power conversion efficiencies (PCE) as high as 3.91% with broadband photo-response in the range of 300–800 nm. The relationships between the photovoltaic performance and film morphology, energy levels, hole mobilities are discussed.
Co-reporter:Yuan Yuan;Yue-ming Sun
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2011 Volume 120( Issue 2) pp:1133-1137
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/app.30467
Abstract
A series of copolyimide/SiO2 hollow sphere thin films were prepared successfully based on bis[3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]methane and 9,9-bis(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)fluorene (molar ratio = 3 : 1) as diamine, and 4,4′-(4,4′-isopropylidenediphenoxy)bis(phthalic anhydride) as dianhydride, with different wt % SiO2 hollow sphere powder with particle size 500 nm. Some films possessed excellent dielectric properties, with ultralow dielectric constants of 1.8 at 1 MHz. The structures and properties of the thin films were measured with Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The polyimide (PI) films exhibited glass-transition temperatures in the range of 209– 273°C and possessed initial thermal decomposition temperature reaching up to 413–477°C in air and 418–472°C in nitrogen. Meanwhile, the composite films were also exhibited good mechanical properties. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Co-reporter:Fang Yao, LiQun Xu, Guo-Dong Fu, and BaoPing Lin
Macromolecules 2010 Volume 43(Issue 23) pp:9761-9770
Publication Date(Web):November 17, 2010
DOI:10.1021/ma102039n
In this work, a kind of semi-interpenetrating polymer network (s-IPN) with unique molecular structures, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) network with movable sliding-grafted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) (s-IPN-PEG/α-CD-sg- PHEMA), were first reported. s-IPN-PEG/α-CD-sg-PHEMAs were prepared by simultaneous “click chemistry” and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of a mixture of poly(ethylene glycol)-diazide/bromobutyryloxy α-cyclodextrin inclusion complex (N3-PEG-N3/(α-CD-BIBB)m), tetrakis(2-propynyloxymethyl) methane (TMOP), CuBr, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), HEMA and DMF. Attributable to the controlled characters of ATRP and the quantitative yields of “click chemistry”, the prepared s-IPN-PEG/α-CD-sg-PHEMAs have the well-defined PEG networks, as well as uniform and tunable sliding-grafted PHEMA chains. The length of sliding-grafted PHEMA of the s-IPN-PEG/α-CD-sg-PHEMA can be regulated by changing polymerization times. The molecular structures, and physical and thermal properties of the s-IPN-PEG/α-CD-sg-PHEMA were studied by FTIR, 1H NMR, XPS, TGA, and DSC measurements. The s-IPN-PEG/α-CD-sg-PHEMAs exhibit good physical and mechanical properties. Most important, comparing to classical semi-IPN, the diffusion of interpenetrated PHEMA from s-IPN-PEG/α-CD-sg-PHEMA was largely prevented for a long time solvent immersion because the PHEMA brushes were fixed on PEG networks. The sliding-grafted PHEMA chains afford functionalities to the bulk and surface of s-IPN-PEG and could potentially be used as carriers of genes and drugs.
Co-reporter:Yuan Yuan;Xue-Qin Zhang;Li-Wei Wu ;Yao Zhan
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2008 Volume 110( Issue 3) pp:1515-1519
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1002/app.28524
Abstract
A series of copolymerized polyimide (PI) thin films with low dielectric constants were prepared with different molars ratio of bis[3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]methane and 9,9-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]fluorene as diamines and 4,4′-(4,4′-isopropylidenediphenoxy)bis(phthalic anhydride) as a dianhydride. Some films possessed good dielectric properties with an ultralow dielectric constant of 2.3 at 1 MHz. The structures and properties of the thin films were measured with Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The PI films exhibited glass-transition temperatures in the range 223–243°C and possessed initial thermal decomposition temperatures reaching up to 475–486°C in air and 464–477°C in nitrogen. All of the PI films exhibited excellent solubility in organic solvents. The mechanical properties of these films were also examined. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Co-reporter:Yuan Yuan;Yue-Ming Sun
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2007 Volume 104(Issue 2) pp:
Publication Date(Web):26 JAN 2007
DOI:10.1002/app.25750
A series of polyimide (PI) thin films were synthesized based on bis[3,5-dimethyl-4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]methane and conventional aromatic dianhydrides. The structures and properties of the thin films were measured with Fourier transform infrared, NMR, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, and impedance analysis. The PI films exhibited glass-transition temperatures in the range of 211–300°C and possessed initial thermal decomposition temperature reaching up to 457–482°C in air and 461–473°C in nitrogen. Some PI films had high solubility in organic solvents such as 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, m-cresol, tetrahydrofuran, and CHCl3. The mechanical properties of these films were also examined. The dielectric constants of the films were in the range of 2.8–3.3 at 25°C. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1265–1270, 2007
Co-reporter:Baoping Lin;Xiaohui Xu
Polymer Bulletin 2007 Volume 59( Issue 2) pp:243-250
Publication Date(Web):2007 September
DOI:10.1007/s00289-007-0767-8
A series of cyano-containing polyimides were synthesized from 2,6-bis(4-amino- phenoxy)benzonitrile and some aromatic dianhydride monomers by solution polycondensation. The poly(amic acid) films could be obtained by solution-cast from N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone solutions and thermally converted into tough polyimide films. Structure and physical properties of thin films of those polyimides were measured by FTIR, TGA, dynamic mechanical analysis and LCR hitester et al. Results showed that the polyimides prepared from 2,6-bis(4-aminophenoxy)- benzonitrile and 2,2-bis[4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]propane dianhydride or 4,4’-(hexafluoropropylidene)diphthalic anhydride exhibited more excellent energy-damping characteristic and excellent solubility in NMP, DMF, DMAc, DMSO, THF and CHCl3, whereas the polyimides from 2,6-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzonitrile and 3,3’,4,4’-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride or Pyromellitic dianhydride were insoluble in polar and nonpolar organic solvents. All polyimides indicated higher glass transition temperatures, excellent thermal stability and tensile properties. Incorporating a nitrile group into the polyimide backbone would enhance the dielectric constant of the polyimide films.
Co-reporter:Lin Baoping, Tang Jinan, Liu Hongjian, Sun Yueming, Yuan Chunwei
Journal of Solid State Chemistry 2005 Volume 178(Issue 3) pp:650-654
Publication Date(Web):March 2005
DOI:10.1016/j.jssc.2004.12.010
Polyimide/mesoporous silica composite films were prepared by direct mixing of polyamic acid solution and silylated mesoporous silica particles, or by condensation polymerization of dianhydride and diamine with silylated mesoporous silica particles in N,N-dimethylacetamide, followed with thermal imidization. Structure and glass transition temperatures of the composite films were measured with FTIR, SEM, EDX, XPS and DMTA. The results show that the silylated mesoporous silica particles in the composites tend to form the aggregation with a strip shape due to phase separation. The composite films exhibit higher glass transition temperature as comparing with that of pure polyimide. It is found that the composite films present lower infrared emissivity value than the pure polyimide and the magnitude of infrared emissivity value is related to the content of silylated mesoporous silica in the composite films. Inhibiting actions of silylated mesoporous silica on infrared emission of the composite films may be owing to presence of nanometer-scale pores in silylated mesoporous silica.
Co-reporter:Bao-Ping Lin;Ying Pan;Ying Qian;Chun-Wei Yuan
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2004 Volume 94(Issue 6) pp:2363-2367
Publication Date(Web):22 OCT 2004
DOI:10.1002/app.21126
Silicon-containing polyimides were synthesized by solution polycondensation of bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)dimethylsilane dianhydride with 3,4-oxydianiline and 4,4′-oxydianiline, respectively. All the poly(amic acid) films could be obtained by solution-casting from N,N-dimethylacetamide solutions and thermally converted into transparent and tough polyimide films. The physical properties of thin films of those polyimides were compared by DSC, TGA, UV–visible spectroscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The polyimide from bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)dimethylsilane dianhydride and 3,4-oxydianiline exhibited superior energy-damping characteristic, mechanical properties, and optical transparency, whereas that from bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)dimethylsilane dianhydride and 4,4′-oxydianiline possessed higher glass-transition temperature and thermal stability. Because of the unsymmetric structure of the polyimide from bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)dimethylsilane dianhydride and 3,4-oxydianiline, its increasing rate of linear coefficient of thermal expansion with temperature was quicker than that of the polyimide from bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)dimethylsilane dianhydride and 4,4′-oxydianiline. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2363–2367, 2004
Co-reporter:Baoping Lin, Hongjian Liu, Shixian Zhang, Chunwei Yuan
Journal of Solid State Chemistry 2004 Volume 177(Issue 10) pp:3849-3852
Publication Date(Web):October 2004
DOI:10.1016/j.jssc.2004.07.022
Silicon-containing polyimide/BaTiO3 nanocomposite films were prepared by the direct mixing of silicon-containing polyamic acid and BaTiO3 nanoparticles under ultrasonic wave irradiation, followed with thermal imidization. Structure and thermal properties were measured with FTIR, XPS, SEM, DSC and TGA. The results showed that the compatibility of BaTiO3 and a polyimide might be improved by the introduction of dimethylsilylene groups into the backbone of a polyimide; and BaTiO3 nanoparticles in the nanocomposites tended to form clusters. The clusters coalesced into a more uniform structure at a higher BaTiO3 filling than at a lower one.The interfacial interaction between BaTiO3 and the silicon-containing polyimide resulted in the increase of the glass transition and the thermal decomposition temperature. It was found that the nanocomposites exhibited lower infrared emissivity value than the pure polyimide and the magnitude of infrared emissivity value was related to the content of BaTiO3 in the nanocomposites. Structure and infrared emissivity of silicon-containing Polyimide/BaTiO3 nanocomposite films.
Co-reporter:Jie Li, Ying Sun, Dan Li, Hong Yang, Xueqin Zhang, Baoping Lin
Journal of Alloys and Compounds (25 June 2017) Volume 708() pp:
Publication Date(Web):25 June 2017
DOI:10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.03.062
•The Reduced-Graphene Oxide/Zine Oxide/Poly(p-Phenylenediamine) ternary nanocomposite was fabricated firstly.•A thin PpPD coating is designed to maintain the structural integrity of ZnO nanoparticle.•The synergistic effect is beneficial for enhancing the whole performances.•An enhanced capacitance of composite is 320 F g−1, which provides 551.7% enhancement compared with pure ZnO samples.•A high capacity retention rate of 81% at 5 A/g after 1000 cycles can be achieved.A series of novel ternary composites reduced-graphene oxide/zine oxide/poly(p-phenylenediamine) (RGO/ZnO/PpPD) have been synthesized by employing the hydrothermal-polymerization method for the first time. RGO sheets substrate and thin PpPD coating are designed to effectively prevent the volume expansion of ZnO during the charging/discharging processes. We have found the proportions of components play an important role in determining the synergy of the composites. As a result, when the mass ratio of products (RGO: ZnO: PpPD) is equal to 1:8:8, the obtained composite achieves excellent electrochemical properties with a significantly increased specific capacitance of 320 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 compared with 58 F/g for pure ZnO samples. In addition, GMP-1,8,8//GMP1,8,8 supercapacitor has been assembled and presents a maximum energy density of 18.14 Wh kg−1 and a maximum power density of 10 kW kg−1.
Co-reporter:Ying Sun, Shang-Chieh Chien, Hin-Lap Yip, Yong Zhang, Kung-Shih Chen, David F. Zeigler, Fang-Chung Chen, Baoping Lin and Alex K.-Y. Jen
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2011 - vol. 21(Issue 35) pp:NaN13255-13255
Publication Date(Web):2011/07/29
DOI:10.1039/C1JM11564B
Two new semiconducting polymers based on indacenodithiophene and thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine units were synthesized viaStille coupling polymerization. The polymers, PIDTPyT and PIDTDTPyT, exhibited main absorption bands in the range of 550–800 nm while their absorption maxima were located at around 700 nm in films. With two additional thiophene spacers, PIDTDTPyT showed a broader absorption band but a 20 nm blue-shifted maximum peak compared to that of PIDTPyT. Both of the polymers possess low bandgaps (∼1.6 eV) and deep energy levels for both the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) device measurements indicate that PIDTPyT and PIDTDTPyT have high hole carrier mobilities of 0.066 and 0.045 cm2 V−1s−1, respectively, with the on/off ratio on the order of 106. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices consisting of the copolymers and PC71BM gave power conversion efficiencies (PCE) as high as 3.91% with broadband photo-response in the range of 300–800 nm. The relationships between the photovoltaic performance and film morphology, energy levels, hole mobilities are discussed.
Co-reporter:Ying Sun, Shang-Chieh Chien, Hin-Lap Yip, Kung-Shih Chen, Yong Zhang, Joshua A. Davies, Fang-Chung Chen, Baoping Lin and Alex K.-Y. Jen
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2012 - vol. 22(Issue 12) pp:
Publication Date(Web):
DOI:10.1039/C2JM15517F
Co-reporter:Hong Yang, Fei Zhang, Bao-Ping Lin, Patrick Keller, Xue-Qin Zhang, Ying Sun and Ling-Xiang Guo
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2013 - vol. 1(Issue 7) pp:NaN1490-1490
Publication Date(Web):2012/12/21
DOI:10.1039/C2TC00879C
This manuscript describes a series of mesogen-jacketed liquid crystalline polymers (MJLCPs) and elastomers (MJLCEs) bearing a novel polynorbornene backbone, onto which the liquid crystalline mesogen is laterally attached by a single covalent bond without spacers. The side-on mesogenic monomers are synthesized via palladium-catalyzed exo-hydroarylation of norbornadiene, and then polymerized using a Grubbs' catalyst initiated ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) method. MJLCEs are prepared by mixing the MJLCPs with bifunctional benzophenone cross-linkers, pulling fibers to achieve a fine alignment, and crosslinking under UV illumination. Their mesomorphic, thermo-actuation and mechanical properties are studied in detail by a combination of 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and dynamic mechanical analysis. These newly designed polymers can decouple the dynamics of the very bulky and rigid polynorbornene main chain and the mesogenic side groups to achieve liquid crystallinity, only if the length of alkoxy terminal chains of the mesogens is long enough (the number of the carbons in the alkoxy group, n > 9). Moreover, interesting external force induced reversible thermal-actuation behaviors of smectic MJLCEs are observed and analyzed as well.
Co-reporter:Ying Sun, Chao Zhang, Qizan Huang, Bin Dai, Baoping Lin, Hong Yang, Xueqin Zhang, Lingxiang Guo and Yurong Liu
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2015 - vol. 3(Issue 29) pp:NaN7676-7676
Publication Date(Web):2015/06/22
DOI:10.1039/C5TC01142F
In a bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cell, film morphology of the active layer plays a significant role in determining the device performance. For lots of polymers, optimization of BHJ morphology can be achieved by employing high boiling solvent additive such as 1-chloronaphthalene (1-CN). However, the additive process significantly increases the device fabrication complexity and leads to poor reproducibility of the device performance, which is not beneficial to large-scale manufacturing. In this paper, we show that well-organized film morphology can be achieved by systematic modification of the polymer structure. First, a new diketopyrrolopyrrole based monomer with a naphthalene group introduced to the terminal of the alkyl side chain was synthesized. The naphthalene group was incorporated to improve the miscibility of the polymer with a fullerene derivative and help the polymer chains self-assemble into an ordered microstructure for defined film morphology. By simply varying the monomers' ratio in copolymerization, we prepared a series of indacenodithiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole based polymers namely, P1, P2, P3 and P4, with different contents of naphthalene group functionalized side chains. The influences of naphthalene modification on the optical and electrochemical properties of polymers, film morphology and photovoltaic properties were investigated in detail. As expected, we observed better miscibility without any significant effects on the electronic and optical properties of the polymer for 25% molar percentage of the naphthalene linked monomer employed during polymerization. However, further enhancement of the naphthalene content may decrease π–π stacking, hence leading to reduced optical property and hole mobility. When 50% molar percentage of the naphthalene linked monomer was contained in polymerization, an optimum device efficiency of 4.01% can be achieved, which was much higher than 2.92% for the 1-CN additive optimized non-naphthalene side chain counterpart based device.
Co-reporter:Yaqin Chen, Baoping Lin, Xueqin Zhang, Junchuan Wang, Changwei Lai, Ying Sun, Yurong Liu and Hong Yang
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2014 - vol. 2(Issue 34) pp:NaN14126-14126
Publication Date(Web):2014/06/27
DOI:10.1039/C4TA01818D
Novel amino-modified-CNT/polyimide (NH2-MWNT/PI) flexile composite films with a sandwich structure were prepared through step-by-step casting, in which a dielectric layer (NH2-MWNT/PI composites) intercalated between the two insulating layers (pure PI, acting as both the bottom and the top layers). Due to the high capacitance of the dielectric layer and the effective blocking off conductive paths by the insulating layers, the sandwich composite films show a high dielectric constant and ultralow dielectric loss, and the dielectric constants of the composite films are almost frequency independent between 1 and 1000 kHz. It is notable that the NH2-MWNT/PI ratio of the mid-layer markedly influences the dielectric property of the composite film. When the NH2-MWNT content of the mid-layer is 10 wt%, the multi-layer composite film (P-10-P) shows the highest dielectric constant (ε′) of 31.3 at 1 kHz, while the dielectric loss (tanδ) of the P-10-P is only 0.0016. Furthermore, the obtained multi-layer composite films have high breakdown strength and maximum energy storage density. The mechanical properties and thermal properties of the composite films were also examined in this work.
Co-reporter:Yidong Zhang, Baoping Lin, Junchuan Wang, Jiahui Tian, Ying Sun, Xueqin Zhang and Hong Yang
Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2016 - vol. 4(Issue 26) pp:NaN10293-10293
Publication Date(Web):2016/06/01
DOI:10.1039/C6TA03633C
Currently, the development of two kinds of materials from a single precursor has been an important frontier in material synthesis. In this study, we have successfully fabricated a single precursor using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) (zeolitic imidazolate framework, ZIF-8) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). ZnO quantum dots (QDs)/carbon/CNTs and porous N-doped carbon/CNTs have been selectively synthesized from a single ZIF-8/CNTs template. When the two derived materials were used for supercapacitor electrodes, they showed high capacitance values (185 F g−1 g for ZnO QDs/carbon/CNTs at 0.5 A g−1 and 250 F g−1 g for porous N-doped carbon/CNTs at 1 A g−1, respectively). Further, an all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device using ZnO QDs/carbon/CNTs as the positive electrode and porous N-doped carbon/CNTs as the negative electrode was fabricated, and this device could reach a working potential of 1.7 V, delivering a maximum energy density of 23.6 W h kg−1 and a maximum power density of 16.9 kW kg−1, which are better than those of the ZnO-based symmetric or asymmetric supercapacitor devices.
Co-reporter:Hong Yang, Jian-Jian Liu, Zhi-Fei Wang, Ling-Xiang Guo, Patrick Keller, Bao-Ping Lin, Ying Sun and Xue-Qin Zhang
Chemical Communications 2015 - vol. 51(Issue 60) pp:NaN12129-12129
Publication Date(Web):2015/06/22
DOI:10.1039/C5CC02599K
A novel NIR-responsive GNR/LCE composite fiber material was prepared by a three-step sequential thiol-click chemistry approach. Taking advantage of GNRs' significant photo-thermal effect, a GNR/LCE composite material with a very low Au loading-level (0.09 wt%), under 808 nm NIR stimulus achieved the N-to-I transition and shrank dramatically in an ambient environment.
![Benzoic acid, 2,5-bis[(4-butoxybenzoyl)oxy]-, 4-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]butyl ester](/data/chemimg/1734200/150504-17-9.png)
![Benzoic acid, 2,5-bis[(4-butoxybenzoyl)oxy]-, 4-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]butyl ester](/data/chemimg/1734200/150504-17-9_b.png)
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![Anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2H,9H)-tetrone, 5-bromo-2,9-bis(1-pentylhexyl)-](/data/chemimg/3731700/1309387-42-5_b.png)
![[5,5'-Bianthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline]-1,1',3,3',8,8',10,10'(2H,2'H,9H,9'H)-octone, 2,2',9,9'-tetrakis(1-pentylhexyl)-](/data/chemimg/3730400/1609131-78-3.png)
![[5,5'-Bianthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline]-1,1',3,3',8,8',10,10'(2H,2'H,9H,9'H)-octone, 2,2',9,9'-tetrakis(1-pentylhexyl)-](/data/chemimg/3730400/1609131-78-3_b.png)
![Anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2H,9H)-tetrone, 5-bromo-2,9-bis(2-decyltetradecyl)-](/data/chemimg/3782000/1242081-55-5.png)
![Anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2H,9H)-tetrone, 5-bromo-2,9-bis(2-decyltetradecyl)-](/data/chemimg/3782000/1242081-55-5_b.png)
![2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde, 5-[7-[4-[bis(4-bromophenyl)amino]phenyl]-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl]-](/data/chemimg/3782000/1610762-66-7.png)
![2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde, 5-[7-[4-[bis(4-bromophenyl)amino]phenyl]-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl]-](/data/chemimg/3782000/1610762-66-7_b.png)
![5H-Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrol-5-one, 4-dodecyl-6-(4-dodecyl-4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-6H-thieno[3,2-b]pyrrol-6-ylidene)-4,6-dihydro-, (6E)-](/data/chemimg/3782000/1919029-31-4.png)
![5H-Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrol-5-one, 4-dodecyl-6-(4-dodecyl-4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-6H-thieno[3,2-b]pyrrol-6-ylidene)-4,6-dihydro-, (6E)-](/data/chemimg/3782000/1919029-31-4_b.png)
![2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole, 4,7-bis[4-hexyl-5-(trimethylstannyl)-2-thienyl]-](/data/chemimg/3782000/1337988-42-7.png)
![2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole, 4,7-bis[4-hexyl-5-(trimethylstannyl)-2-thienyl]-](/data/chemimg/3782000/1337988-42-7_b.png)
![2-Propenoic acid, 4-[2,5-bis[2-(4-butoxyphenyl)ethynyl]phenyl]butyl ester](/data/chemimg/3730400/1953114-80-1.png)
![2-Propenoic acid, 4-[2,5-bis[2-(4-butoxyphenyl)ethynyl]phenyl]butyl ester](/data/chemimg/3730400/1953114-80-1_b.png)
![Benzoic acid, 2,5-bis[2-(4-butoxyphenyl)ethynyl]-, 4-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]butyl ester](/data/chemimg/3730400/1953114-82-3.png)
![Benzoic acid, 2,5-bis[2-(4-butoxyphenyl)ethynyl]-, 4-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]butyl ester](/data/chemimg/3730400/1953114-82-3_b.png)
![1-Hexanethiol, 6-[4-[2-[4-(4-penten-1-yloxy)phenyl]ethynyl]phenoxy]-](/data/chemimg/3730400/1954693-18-5.png)
![1-Hexanethiol, 6-[4-[2-[4-(4-penten-1-yloxy)phenyl]ethynyl]phenoxy]-](/data/chemimg/3730400/1954693-18-5_b.png)
![Anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2H,9H)-tetrone, 2,9-bis(1-pentylhexyl)-](/data/chemimg/3689300/110590-83-5.png)
![Anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2H,9H)-tetrone, 2,9-bis(1-pentylhexyl)-](/data/chemimg/3689300/110590-83-5_b.png)
![[4,8-BIS(OCTYLOXY)THIENO[2,3-F][1]BENZOTHIENE-2,6-DIYL]BIS(TRIMET<WBR />HYLSTANNANE)](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/7400/7384-07-8.png)
![[4,8-BIS(OCTYLOXY)THIENO[2,3-F][1]BENZOTHIENE-2,6-DIYL]BIS(TRIMET<WBR />HYLSTANNANE)](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/7400/7384-07-8_b.png)
![Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione, 3,6-bis(5-bromo-2-thienyl)-2,5-dihydro-2,5-bis[10-(1-naphthalenyloxy)decyl]-](/data/chemimg/3782000/1801243-48-0.png)
![Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione, 3,6-bis(5-bromo-2-thienyl)-2,5-dihydro-2,5-bis[10-(1-naphthalenyloxy)decyl]-](/data/chemimg/3782000/1801243-48-0_b.png)
![Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione, 2,5-dihydro-2,5-bis[10-(1-naphthalenyloxy)decyl]-3,6-di-2-thienyl-](/data/chemimg/3782000/1801243-47-9.png)
![Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione, 2,5-dihydro-2,5-bis[10-(1-naphthalenyloxy)decyl]-3,6-di-2-thienyl-](/data/chemimg/3782000/1801243-47-9_b.png)
![Dibenzo[a,c]phenazine, 10,13-bis(5-bromo-2-thienyl)-11,12-bis(dodecyloxy)-](/data/chemimg/3782000/1778703-38-0.png)
![Dibenzo[a,c]phenazine, 10,13-bis(5-bromo-2-thienyl)-11,12-bis(dodecyloxy)-](/data/chemimg/3782000/1778703-38-0_b.png)
![Dibenzo[a,c]phenazine, 10,13-bis(5-bromo-4-octyl-2-thienyl)-](/data/chemimg/3782000/1314702-75-4.png)
![Dibenzo[a,c]phenazine, 10,13-bis(5-bromo-4-octyl-2-thienyl)-](/data/chemimg/3782000/1314702-75-4_b.png)
![Dibenzo[a,c]phenazine, 10,13-bis(4-octyl-2-thienyl)-](/data/chemimg/3782000/1314702-69-6.png)
![Dibenzo[a,c]phenazine, 10,13-bis(4-octyl-2-thienyl)-](/data/chemimg/3782000/1314702-69-6_b.png)
![1,1'-[4,4,9,9-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene-2,7-diyl]bis[1,1,1-trimehtylstannyl]](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/1252600/1252555-61-5.png)
![1,1'-[4,4,9,9-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene-2,7-diyl]bis[1,1,1-trimehtylstannyl]](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/1252600/1252555-61-5_b.png)
![Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione, 3,6-bis(5-bromo-2-thienyl)-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,5-dihydro-](/data/chemimg/139400/1000623-95-9.png)
![Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione, 3,6-bis(5-bromo-2-thienyl)-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,5-dihydro-](/data/chemimg/139400/1000623-95-9_b.png)
![Dibenzo[a,c]phenazine, 10,13-dibromo-](/data/chemimg/105800/285129-85-3.png)
![Dibenzo[a,c]phenazine, 10,13-dibromo-](/data/chemimg/105800/285129-85-3_b.png)
![Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene]](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/138200/138184-36-8.png)
![Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene]](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/138200/138184-36-8_b.png)
![Naphthalene, 1-[(10-bromodecyl)oxy]-](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/93400/93372-54-4.png)
![Naphthalene, 1-[(10-bromodecyl)oxy]-](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/93400/93372-54-4_b.png)
![POLY[2,5-BIS(OCTYLOXY)-1,4-PHENYLENE]](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/156100/156028-47-6.png)
![POLY[2,5-BIS(OCTYLOXY)-1,4-PHENYLENE]](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/156100/156028-47-6_b.png)
![Poly[(5,7-dihydro-1,3,5,7-tetraoxobenzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dipyrrole-2,6(1H,3H)-diyl)-1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenylene]](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/25100/25036-53-7.png)
![Poly[(5,7-dihydro-1,3,5,7-tetraoxobenzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dipyrrole-2,6(1H,3H)-diyl)-1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenylene]](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/25100/25036-53-7_b.png)
![POLY[OXY-1,4-PHENYLENEIMINOCARBONYL(DICARBOXYPHENYLENE)CARBONYLIMINO-1,4-PHENYLENE]](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/9100/9043-05-4.png)
![POLY[OXY-1,4-PHENYLENEIMINOCARBONYL(DICARBOXYPHENYLENE)CARBONYLIMINO-1,4-PHENYLENE]](http://img.cochemist.com/ccimg/9100/9043-05-4_b.png)