The maximizing isoparaffin process for cleaning gasoline and enhancing propylene yield (MIP-CGP) is the main derived technology of catalytic cracking in China. Based on the reaction mechanism of catalytic cracking and the characteristics of MIP-CGP with two reaction zones, the eight-lump reaction kinetic model was established. The measured data was from the industrial unit. Twenty-two groups of kinetic parameters were estimated, and the model parameters were validated that the predicted values were close to measured values. The analysis of the reaction rate constants and activation energies showed that the model parameters can well reflect the reaction law. The model can predict the main product distribution and provide the referential value for the operation optimization of MIP-CGP technology.

To study the direct coal liquefaction in the isothermal stage of Shenhua Shendong bituminous coal, the direct coal liquefaction with an iron-based catalyst was carried out in a 0.01 ton/day continuous tubular facility in the temperature range of 445–465 °C, with hydrogenated anthracene and wash oil as the solvent. An eight-lump kinetic model of the isothermal stage was proposed, and the kinetic parameters were estimated. The result showed that, in the isothermal stage, the oil was mainly obtained from pre-asphaltene and asphaltene (PAA) rather than from coal directly. The model was valid for the isothermal stage of direct coal liquefaction.

Direct coal liquefaction in the heating stage of Shenhua Shendong bituminous coal was carried out in a 0.01 t/d continuous tubular facility with iron catalyst and hydrogenated anthracene and wash oil as solvent at a residence time (t) of 3.5–6.5 min and a reaction temperature (T) of 340–450 °C. The results show that when t = 3.5 min and T = 340 °C, a cracking reaction of coal occurs, while the oil yield was almost zero. As the residence time and temperature each increase, coal conversion and product yield exhibit different change patterns. Especially when t = 6.5 min and T = 450 °C: under these conditions, the coal conversion and oil yield reached 83.67 and 52.27 wt %, respectively. To investigate the liquefaction kinetics, a 8-lump reaction kinetic model which follow first-order irreversible reactions (r = ki dC/dt) was developed to estimate the rate constants. The results indicated that the model is perfectly valid for the heating stage, and the yield of oil and gas were mainly from coal other than preasphaltene (PAA).

With phenanthrene and hydrogen as raw materials, the hydrogenation of phenanthrene was tested over CoMo/Al2O3 catalyst in a fixed-bed microreactor. Effects of temperature, pressure and space velocity on the reactions were systematically investigated. On the basis of the equilibrium constants calculated by thermodynamic method and kinetic equation derived by the adsorption theory of Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson, the rate constants, activation energy, and adsorption constants were estimated by the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno optimization method, and the different reaction networks were compared and screened. In this study, the result showed the path from 9,10-dihydrophenathrene to tetrahydrophenathrene could be neglected, and the path from 9,10-dihydrophenathrene to 1,10-octahydrophenanthrene could not be excluded.

•DCL result of liquefied oil is dependent on its boiling range and composition.•Hydrogenation of liquefied heavy oil help to improve its hydrogen donating ability.•A new method to prepare recycle solvent by hydrogenation of heavy oil is proposed.The effect of hydrotreatment of liquefied heavy oil on direct coal liquefaction (DCL) was studied by hydrogenating the liquefied heavy oil (initial boiling point greater than 320 °C) in a 30 ml continuous hydrogenation apparatus at operating conditions of pressure (P) 13–19 MPa, temperature (T) 360–400 °C, liquid space velocity (LHSV) 0.6–1.4 h−1. After hydrogenation, the properties and hydrocarbon composition of liquefied heavy oil were regulated, leading to the enhancement of hydrogen donating ability and 5.6% increase in oil yield of DCL as compared with non-hydrogenated raw oil. Based on the results, a new method of preparing recycle solvent for direct coal liquefaction by mixing hydrogenated heavy oil and un-hydrogenated middle oil in a suitable proportion was proposed, which has been verified to be effective and efficient to increase oil yield.